猪后肠产甲烷菌群对不同类型膳食纤维的动态响应机制研究

项目名称： 猪后肠产甲烷菌群对不同类型膳食纤维的动态响应机制研究

项目编号： No.31301987

项目类型： 青年科学基金项目

立项/批准年度： 2014

项目学科： 农业科学

项目作者： 罗玉衡

作者单位： 四川农业大学

项目金额： 24万元

中文摘要： 单胃动物后肠产甲烷菌在膳食纤维代谢过程中起关键作用，现有研究多集中于对其群落结构的探讨，缺乏对其功能的系统研究。前人研究表明肠道细菌群落对不同类型膳食纤维的响应有较大差异。前期体外研究表明β-葡聚糖能显著改变猪肠道产甲烷菌群落多样性，但其影响机制尚不清楚。本项目拟从群落结构、代谢物及微生物蛋白组学层面上，采用典型可溶性膳食纤维（β-葡聚糖）与不可溶膳食纤维（微晶纤维素）的在体交叉试验结合分子生态学和宏蛋白质组学技术：1）研究猪后肠产甲烷菌群落对纤维类型转变的动态响应机制；2）揭示与产甲烷菌动态变化密切相关的细菌群落；3）初步证明产甲烷菌可能通过与共生细菌互作来对不同类型膳食纤维做出响应，实现微生物区系纤维降解功能的转变，从而帮助宿主有效利用不同类型的膳食纤维。本研究为全面了解后肠产甲烷菌在纤维降解中的作用机制提供理论依据，也为科学利用不同类型膳食纤维和其益生机理研究提供借鉴。

中文关键词： 猪后肠；产甲烷菌；细菌；纤维类型；动态响应

英文摘要： Methanogens in the hindgut of monogastric animals play a key role in the metabolism of dietary fibers. Limited researches focus on the community structure of gut methanogens rather than their function during microbial fermentation of fibers. It has been proved that there are multiple responses of intestinal microflora to different dietary fibers. Our study showed that the diversity of colonic methanogens was significantly improved by β-glucan during in vitro fermentation, but the underlying mechanism remained unclear. Therefore, the objectives of current researche are: 1) to study the dynamic response of methanogens to soluble (β-glucan) and insoluble (microcrystalline cellulose) dietary fiber in the hindgut of pig in vivo with a cross-over trial; 2) to reveal dominant bacterial groups associated with the dynamic change of methanogens with molecular fingerprint technology; 3) to prove that gut methanogens may response to different types of dietary fibers through the interaction with symbiotic bacteria, and thus to help host utilize corresponding fibers efficiently through the functional alteration of microflora. Results of present study will help entirely understand the function of intestinal methanogens during the degradation of dietary fibers, and in turn, to promote the scientific utilization of different typ

英文关键词： hindgut of pigs；methanogens；bacteria；types of dietary fibers；dynamic response