高效矿物风化细菌与硅酸盐矿物相互作用的分子机制研究

项目名称： 高效矿物风化细菌与硅酸盐矿物相互作用的分子机制研究

项目编号： No.41473075

项目类型： 面上项目

立项/批准年度： 2015

项目学科： 地球化学

项目作者： 盛下放

作者单位： 南京农业大学

项目金额： 95万元

中文摘要： 硅酸盐矿物与细菌相互作用是地球表层系统中重要的生态过程，对土壤中的一系列生态过程产生深远影响，如岩石风化、矿物形成和演化、土壤形成、土壤养分有效性及其全球气候变化等。本项目以2株高效矿物风化细菌新种（Bacillus dongxiangensis 和Chitinophaga jiangningensis）为供试菌株，以常见的硅酸盐矿物（钾长石和黑云母）为供试矿物，采用培养方法结合现代仪器分析技术，研究菌株对矿物的风化效能，矿物对菌株生长、代谢及其在矿物表面分布和活性的影响；采用基因组学、转录组学、基因敲除、插入突变等技术结合生物信息学分析手段重点分析高效矿物风化细菌全基因组序列以及与矿物风化相关的基因及其上下游序列，并进一步验证与矿物风化相关基因的功能。预期研究结果不仅可以为深入阐明细菌-矿物相互作用的分子机制提供实验依据，而且可以为高效矿物风化细菌的应用提供优质菌种资源。

中文关键词： 矿物风化细菌；硅酸盐矿物；相互作用；矿物风化；分子机制

英文摘要： The interaction between primary silicate minerals and microbes is an important ecological process in the Earth's surface system and plays a profound influence on the ecological processes in the soils, such as rock weathering, mineral formation and evolution, soil formation, availability of soil nutritions as well as the global climate changes. In this study, two efficient mineral-weathering new bacterial species（Bacillus dongxiangensis and Chitinophaga jiangningensis）and two common silicate minerals (feldspar and biotite) are used as the tested bacteria and minerals. The effect of the bacteria on the mineral weathering and the effects of the minerals on the growth, metabolism, and distribution on the mineral surfaces of the bacteria are investigated by an improved culture method and the modern instrument analysis. The complete genome sequences and the weathering-related genes as well as the up-, and down-stream sequences are analyzed and the functions of the mineral weathering-related genes are further verified by the molecular biological methods (such as genomics, transcriptomics, gene knock-out, insertion mutation) and bioinformatics analysis. The expected results will not only provide the experimental basis for the improved insight into the interaction between bacteria and minerals and the molecular mechanisms involved but also provide the bacterial resources for the utilization of the efficient mineral-weathering bacteria.

英文关键词： mineral-weathering bacteria;silicate mineral;interaction;mineral weathering;molecular mechanism