钢轨轨距激光视觉动态测试研究

项目名称： 钢轨轨距激光视觉动态测试研究

项目编号： No.50875014

项目类型： 面上项目

立项/批准年度： 2009

项目学科： 金属学与金属工艺

项目作者： 魏振忠

作者单位： 北京航空航天大学

项目金额： 31万元

中文摘要： 本项目紧密结合我国高速铁路发展中钢轨轨距几何参数在线动态测量需求，从理论方法、关键技术、测试实验和系统实现等方面开展了系统深入研究，主要研究内容包括：视觉测量模型建模、视觉传感器结构设计、视觉传感器与系统校准、视觉图像特征提取与识别、轨距测量模型及误差分析、以及系统集成与实现。突破的关键技术有：（1）建立了点到线段距离轨距测量模型，消除了点到点轨距测量模型的非严格对应误差，提高了建模精度；（2）提出了一维靶标的激光视觉传感器校准方法、基于消隐点和消隐线的激光视觉传感器校准方法、基于柔性立体靶标的无公共视场视觉测量系统全局校准方法、基于共面阵列圆的摄像机标定方法、基于平面法向矢量的全局校准方法；（3）提出了基于图像一维投影和迭代思想的光条中心快速提取方法、基于Hessian矩阵的光斑中心亚像素提取方法、基于极线约束和空间距离约束的光栅光条快速识别方法。 在此基础上，构建了实验室验证系统和车载实际测量系统样机，完成了系统性能评价和现场测量实验。该项目研究为保证我国高速铁路运营安全提供了重要技术和人才支持，促进了视觉测量理论和技术的进一步发展

中文关键词： 轨距；视觉测量；标定；图像处理

英文摘要： To meet the demand of the rail gauge online measurement with our nation's high speed railway development,this project has carried out in-depth reasearches on theories,key techniques,experiments and real system construction,which refered to several aspects as vison measuremnt model establishment,vision sensor strucure design,vision sensor and system calibration,vision image characters extraction and recognition,rail gauge mathimatical model with error anyalysis and real system implementation.The main progress of key techniques are as follows:(1)Establishment of the point to line-segment rail gauge model,which avoids the errors caused by the non-strict-corressponding point to point rail gauge model and improves the model accuracy;(2)Several novel calibration methods are proposed,and they are vision sensor on-spot calibration method based on 1D target,vison sensor on-spot calibration method based on vanishing point and vanishing line,camera calibraiton method based on coplanar array circles,global calbration method of vsion measurement system with no-overlapping view field based on flexible 3D target and based on perpendicular vector of plane;(3)Several novel methods about vision image characters extraction are given,which are laser stirpe center points extraction based on image 1D projection and iterative seaching,light spot center point extraction method based on Hessian matrix and laser raster stripes indentification method based on pole-line constraint and spatial distance restriction. Based on the above proposed methods, both the expriment system and real on-line measurement system are established,and system performances accessment and on-spot measurement are completed.This project provides important technique and talents surpport for the running safty of our nation's high speed railway,and promotes the development of vison measurement theories and technologies.

英文关键词： rail gauge;vision measurement; calibration;image processing