生物炭对水稻吸收重金属的阻控效应及生态机制

项目名称： 生物炭对水稻吸收重金属的阻控效应及生态机制

项目编号： No.31200397

项目类型： 青年科学基金项目

立项/批准年度： 2013

项目学科： 生态学

项目作者： 林大松

作者单位： 农业部环境保护科研监测所

项目金额： 24万元

中文摘要： 重金属是农田土壤和农产品中的一类重要污染物，深入开展土壤重金属污染修复技术研究，阻控有毒重金属进入食物链，对于恢复污染土壤生态服务功能，保障农产品安全和人体健康具有重要意义。本项目针对目前国内外生物炭在土壤重金属污染修复中的研究现状，以生物炭对土壤Cd、Pb的根际迁移及生物学过程为切入点，采用实验室模拟和野外大田试验相结合的方法，研究生物炭对Cd、Pb在不同类型土壤中的环境行为、影响因素及其对水稻吸收Cd、Pb的阻控效应；结合PCR-DGGE技术及BIOLOG微平板分析方法探索生物炭对水稻根际与非根际土壤微生物群落结构和功能多样性的影响特征。通过以上研究，阐明生物炭对土壤-水稻系统中Cd、Pb迁移转化规律，揭示生物炭对土壤微生物的分子生态学影响机制，以期为我国重金属复合污染原位修复提供重要的理论依据。

中文关键词： 生物炭；重金属；根际；微界面过程；微生态学效应

英文摘要： Heavy metal contamination of soil and farm product continues to be the focus of numerous environmental studies and attract a great deal of attention worldwide. Therefore, it's of significance in development of a variety of technologies to remediate heavy metal contaminated soils and to prevent heavy metals from entering food chain. Biochars are able to complex metal ions on their surfaces and therefore reduce bioavailability, which renders a reduced risk. With indoor simulation experiments, pot-culture experiments combined with field studies, this project will carry out research on the effects of biochar, produced by pyrolysis of rice-straw, on immobilizing soluble cadmium and lead in soil, and effects on the fractionations and biological characteristics of metals in soil-plant ecosystem. The overall goal of this proposal is to test the effectiveness of biochar soil amendment for reducing the bioavailability and phytotoxicity of Cd and Pb in field soils. The specific objectives of this research are to: 1) Determine effects of biochar on fate and transport of Cd and Pb in different soil types, and reveal the influence factors of pH, ionic strength; 2) Test effects of biochar on the soil-plant micro-interfaces of Cd and Pb in soils during different growth stages of paddy rice; 3) Assess the characteristics of soil

英文关键词： Heavy metal；Biochar；Rhizosphere；Micro-interfacial processes；Microecology effect