西北典型河谷城市儿童铅暴露特征、来源与健康风险

项目名称： 西北典型河谷城市儿童铅暴露特征、来源与健康风险

项目编号： No.41471420

项目类型： 面上项目

立项/批准年度： 2015

项目学科： 地质学

项目作者： 李小平

作者单位： 陕西师范大学

项目金额： 85万元

中文摘要： 环境铅暴露致儿童铅中毒已成为全球性的重大公共卫生问题。在区域尺度下,儿童多介质-多途径铅暴露特征、来源与风险是目前研究的核心和尚待解决的问题，也是环境健康等交叉学科的前沿热点和长期关注的焦点。本项目结合课题组前期研究结果，以西北典型河谷城市为研究区域，以≤6岁不同年龄与民族儿童为研究对象，以儿童多介质多途径铅暴露定量分析为核心，运用环境监测与临床检验技术，分析环境介质土壤、灰尘、大气、饮用水及儿童膳食中铅污染与儿童血铅水平；利用铅同位素技术，解析儿童血铅污染的主要暴露途径和来源,阐明多介质环境铅暴露与儿童血铅定量关系及特征。结合儿童行为模式调查和个体暴露监测，建立儿童呼吸、手口和皮肤的暴露参数，确定儿童多途径铅暴露量；采用GIS与USEPA铅暴露风险评价法，评价预测儿童血铅污染与铅暴露的区域风险。为我国区域环境质量标准制定、儿童暴露参数建立、铅暴露风险评价、预警与综合防控提供科学理论依据。

中文关键词： 健康；环境污染；儿童；多介质-多途径暴露；血铅水平

英文摘要： Lead Poisoning (LP)in children due to lead exposure is becoming a global problem in public health.The character, source and risk of lead exposure to children through multimedium and multipathway contact in the regional area are the hotspot in environment health research.However,the quantitive analysis of lead exposure to children has not been well documented.Based on our previous researches,in this current research, we would choose the typical valley cities in northwestern China as the research field,and choose less than 6 children with different age and different ethnic as our research target. The quantitive analysis of lead exposure to children via mutimedium and multipathway is the core and objective of my whole research.According to the research proposal,the lead concentration distributing in urban soil,urban dust,air,drinking water and children meal would be initially evaluated by instrument analysis technique, and also monitored lead content in children blood by clinical examination method. Combining the lead isotopic ration determined by ICP-MS technique,the source of lead exposure to children would be discriminated. Consequently, the relationship between lead in multimedium environment and children blood lead would be quantitively identified. Integrating the survey and statistic of children's behavior and individual exposure monitoring, the exposure factors of children related to ingestion, inhalation and dermal contact would be proposed, then, the exposure level through above three multipathway would be quantitive calculated according to the exposure factors introduced. Finally, the risk of lead pollution in blood and lead exposure to children would be assessment with GIS techniques and USEPA models. The project will provide the scientific references to set up the children's exposure factor data and environmental qulity standards, and also to forecast, prevent and defend the lead exposure to children in China.

英文关键词： Health;Environmental pollution;Children;Multimedium and multipathway exposure;Blood lead level