基于机器视觉的超级杂交稻秧盘育秧智能播种新技术研究

项目名称： 基于机器视觉的超级杂交稻秧盘育秧智能播种新技术研究

项目编号： No.51275209

项目类型： 面上项目

立项/批准年度： 2013

项目学科： 机械、仪表工业

项目作者： 周海波

作者单位： 佳木斯大学

项目金额： 80万元

中文摘要： 超级杂交稻是品质优良、产量高的新型水稻品种，已经在我国大面积推广应用，其秧盘育秧精密播种要求2±1粒/穴，目前排种器的性能可以达到1～3粒/穴，但单粒率偏高（20%以上），并存在空穴，因受发芽率、成苗率、成毯性及伤秧率等影响，结果不能达到1～2株/穴种植要求，因此播种目标应提升为2～3粒/穴，且单粒率少、无空穴。本项目模仿人工播种原理，以单目摄像机作为眼睛，视觉检测系统作为大脑，点播器执行手的播种动作，创新性提出一种基于机器视觉的智能播种技术。首先研究种子图像特征和吸种运动学特性，建立种子图像特征模型库，确定吸种边界条件，对秧盘图像进行动态检测及模糊分析，按目标规划播种方案，设计具有伞式多粒吸种和循环流动振动充种的智能点播机，研究点位运动控制算法，优化满足吸种条件和效率的最佳播种轨迹，实现按"穴粒数"播补种思想。研究方法将开辟精密播种新技术，提升播种精度水平，具有重要的科学意义和应用前景。

中文关键词： 超级杂交稻；秧盘育秧；精密播种；智能播种；视觉检测

英文摘要： Super hybrid rice is a kind of rice variety that provides excellent quality and high yield. Super hybrid rice is very popular as a large-scale rice crop in China.The precision seeding of tray nursing seedling requires 2 ± 1 seeds per hole. At present, the performance of metering devices can reach 1-3 seeds per hole, but the rate of single seed is high (more than 20%), and there are cavities. Due to factors such as the germination rate, survival rate, characteristics of blanket and injured seedling rate, the seeding results can not reach 1-2 planting per hole. Therefore, seeding target should be raised to 2-3 seeds per hole, which will reduce single-grain rate and eliminate the presence of cavities. This project focuses on imitating the manual sowing principle by monocular camera as eyes, the vision inspection systems as the brain, and the hill-drop device performing hand movements. This innovative intelligent seeding technology will be put forward based on machine vision. First, the features of the seed image and kinematics characteristics of the required seed vacuum suction will be studied, and the seed model database of image features will be established. The boundary conditions of seed vacuum suction will be obtained, the images of the seedling trays will be detected dynamically using the fuzzy analysis meth

英文关键词： Super hybird rise；Tray nursing seedling；Precision seeding；Intelligent seeding；Visual inspection