夏闲期日光温室土壤氧化亚氮排放及驱动机制

项目名称： 夏闲期日光温室土壤氧化亚氮排放及驱动机制

项目编号： No.41201238

项目类型： 青年科学基金项目

立项/批准年度： 2013

项目学科： 地理学

项目作者： 邱炜红

作者单位： 西北农林科技大学

项目金额： 25万元

中文摘要： 氧化亚氮（N2O）是重要的温室气体且能破坏臭氧层，且N2O排放主要来自于施用氮肥的农田土壤。日光温室是北方地区重要的设施蔬菜系统，其氮肥和有机肥施用量都较大。日光温室平时多处于封闭状态，不利于N2O的排放，但夏季休闲敞棚后，在自然通风、大量氮素残留、丰富降水等条件下，势必会产生大量N2O。然而关于夏闲期日光温室土壤N2O排放还尚未见报导，故本项目拟以陕西杨凌区蔬菜日光温室为研究对象，采用田间原位15N标记法，室内模拟和封闭式静态箱法等技术，从夏季休闲期日光温室土壤N2O排放、土壤N2O排放与土壤残留氮素、降雨量的关系、硝化和反硝化作用对夏季休闲期日光温室土壤N2O排放量的贡献等方面，研究夏季休闲期日光温室土壤N2O排放特征及其产生机制，探讨影响日光温室夏季休闲期土壤N2O产生的主要因子，为日光温室科学合理施肥、管理和减少温室气体N2O排放提供理论基础和科学依据。

中文关键词： 氧化亚氮；日光温室；硝化反硝化作用；蔬菜；15N标记

英文摘要： Nitrous oxide (N2O) is an important greenhouse gas that contributes to global warning and can cause the destruction of the strato sphere ozone layer. Nitrogen (N) application in agriculture field is the major source of N2O emission. Sunlight greenhouse is an important vegetable production system in northern China, but lots of N fertilizer and manure are put into greenhouse. Sunlight greenhouse is often in a closed system by plastic film and open during late summer and early autumn, thus, large quantities of residual N in the soil combined with abundant rainfall, might lead to large amount of N2O emission. However, there is lack of information on this issue. Therefore, based on the sunlight greenhouse which located in Yangling, Shannxi province, the technique of 15N tracer, incubation and a closed chamber method will be conducted to study the features of N2O emissions from sunlight greenhouse during the summer fallow period and its major emission factors, and the contribution of nitrification and denitrification to N2O emissions, in order to determine the features and the major sources of N2O emissions from sunlight greenhouse during the summer fallow period, to reveal the main factors that influence N2O emissions, and to provide a theoretical and scientific basis for balanced fertilization, scientific management

英文关键词： Nitrous oxide；Solar greenhouse；nitrification and dinitrification；vegetables；15N tracer