水稻中砷含量QTL的克隆及基因功能研究

项目名称： 水稻中砷含量QTL的克隆及基因功能研究

项目编号： No.31471462

项目类型： 面上项目

立项/批准年度： 2015

项目学科： 食品科学、农学基础与作物学

项目作者： 晁代印

作者单位： 中国科学院上海生命科学研究院

项目金额： 85万元

中文摘要： 砷污染是当前农业生产中最主要的重金属污染之一。它通过农作物的吸收积累进入食物链，严重威胁着农产品品质安全和国民身体健康。水稻是我国最为主要的粮食作物，揭示水稻中控制砷含量的分子遗传基础对于阻控砷向食物链迁移，增强食品安全具有重要意义。QTL定位是植物功能基因研究的重要手段，因而在水稻砷含量控制基因的克隆鉴定上也具有很大潜力。我们通过筛选水稻品种资源发现，非洲稻与亚洲栽培蹈品种相比具有极高的砷含量。我们利用以高砷品种非洲稻为供体、以低砷粳稻品种95-22为受体的染色体片段置换系进行进一步的鉴定，初步定位了两个控制叶片和籽粒砷含量的主效QTL。本项目拟以此为基础，结合QTL定位和离子组学的研究克隆相应的主效QTL，研究它们的基因功能、作用机制及调控网络。本项目对理解水稻砷元素迁移积累的分子机理具有重要意义，并为通过分子标记辅助育种等手段培育低砷水稻品种提供指导。

中文关键词： 水稻；砷含量；重金属；数量性状座位

英文摘要： Arsenic pollution is one of the major heavy metal pollutes in current argriculture systems. This heavy metal enters into food chain after uptake and accumulation in crops, which threatens argricultural product safety and human health. Rice is the most important crop in China. It is of great significance to study the molecular and genetic basis underlying variation in arsenic content in rice for limiting entrance of arsenic into food chain and for increasing food safety. QTL mapping is an important tool for studying functional genes of plant, and has great potential in identification of functional genes controlling arsenic content. We have screened various rice species, varieties and cultivars, and revealed that Oryza glaberrima contains much higher arsenic than other accessions. We then constructed a set of Chromosome Segment Substitution Lines with O. glaberrima as fragment donor and 95-22 as recipient, and roughly mapped two major QTLs controlling arsenic content in leaves and grains. Based on these results, we will clone the major QTLs by combining QTL mapping and ionomics, and study their gene functions, working mechanisms and regulatory networks. This project may shed light on understanding of the molecular mechanisms in regulating arsenic migration and accumulation of rice, and will guidance for low arsenic rice breeding using strategies like marker-assistant selection.

英文关键词： Rice;Arsenic content;Heavy metal;QTL