青藏高原湖泊聚球藻和聚球藻病毒群落对环境、气候变化的响应

项目名称： 青藏高原湖泊聚球藻和聚球藻病毒群落对环境、气候变化的响应

项目编号： No.41302022

项目类型： 青年科学基金项目

立项/批准年度： 2014

项目学科： 天文学、地球科学

项目作者： 侯卫国

作者单位： 中国地质大学（北京）

项目金额： 26万元

中文摘要： 青藏高原湖泊是气候变化的敏感指示器，气候的干湿和冷暖转换会引起湖泊环境变化，而栖息其中的生物不得不对环境的变化做出适应性的响应或因不能适应而逐渐消失。在水体中广泛分布聚球藻（Synechococcus spp.）和聚球藻病毒也不例外。生物体的适应性决定于基因的适应性。本课题将采用分子生物学技术和地球化学相结合的分析方法，首先，在空间上研究不同湖泊水体中聚球藻及其病毒群落特征与湖泊水体环境之间的相互关系，分析聚球藻藻及其病毒类群对环境变化的响应；同时，在时间上，以连续的青藏高原湖泊沉积柱为载体，用保存在沉积物的古DNA研究青海湖和库赛湖上万年以来气候环境变化对聚球藻及其病毒群落组成和丰度的影响。在综合分析现代和古代聚球藻及其病毒群落结构对气候环境变化响应的基础上，探讨环境、气候变化对光合微生物群落演化的驱动因素，评价基于古DNA的光合藻类和藻类病毒在古气候重建中的可行性。

中文关键词： 青藏高原；古DNA；藻类；藻类病毒；气候变化

英文摘要： The Tibetan lakes are sensitive indicators of climatic changes. Arid-humid or cold/warm climatic fluctuations can result in changes of lucstrine environments. As a response to these changing conditions, biota inhabiting in these lakes have to adapt or even become extinct. Synechococcus spp. (a group of cyanobacteria) and their virus (cyanophage) are widely spread in aquatic ecosystem and are known to adapt to changing environments. Physiological adaption is based on genetic adaption. In this research, we propose to use an integrated approach including molecular biology and geochemistry to 1) investigate the spatial changes in diversity and abundance of Synechococcus spp. and their viruses and correlation with environmental changes (e.g. salinity, temperature, pH) in lakes on the northeastern Tibetan Plateau, and thus assess the responses of Synechococcus spp. and their viruses to environmental changes; and 2) analyze the temporal changes in communities of Synechococcus spp. and their viruses based on fossil DNA preserved in lake sediments, and thus study the responses of the communities of Synechococcus spp. and their viruses to climatic events, such as transitions of cold-warm, dry-wet. The successful execution of this project will provide basic data to evaluate biological responses to environmental and climati

英文关键词： Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau；Ancient DNA；phytoplankton；cyanophage；climate change