微变形监测雷达技术研究

项目名称： 微变形监测雷达技术研究

项目编号： No.41474023

项目类型： 面上项目

立项/批准年度： 2015

项目学科： 天文学、地球科学

项目作者： 王韬

作者单位： 重庆大学

项目金额： 86万元

中文摘要： 大型工程如输变电塔，水库大坝，垮江大桥，摩天大楼，公路铁路边坡，尾矿坝等，在使用中均需要对其实施变形位移监测，特别是灾害环境下，以便对工程质量进行诊断，对可能发生的工程灾害进行预测预报。本项目研究一种远距离、高时空采样率、高精度的新型微变形监测方法与系统，该系统由安装在被测物体上的密集多微波散射点和地基干涉雷达组成，将微变形测量分解为多散射点分辨分离与载波相位干涉测量两个基本问题。本项目引入雷达与电子对抗领域中的先进信号处理技术来解决多散射点分辨分离。利用数字波束形成思想形成并行窄波束实现不同方向散射点的分辨分离，利用合成宽带思想将多通道窄带信号合成为超宽带雷达信号提高距离向分辨率，利用距离欺骗思想改变散射点到虚拟位置实现位于距离分辨单元内的散射点分辨分离；使用载波相位干涉测量方法计算每个散射点的位移；使用多基地雷达实现3维变形监测。本项目的研究成果可为我国减灾防灾提供强有力的技术支撑。

中文关键词： 变形监测；数字波束形成；合成宽带；距离欺骗；多基地雷达

英文摘要： Large scale structures such as electricity transmission tower, dam, long span bridge across river, skyscrapers, railway and highway slope, and tailings dam may occur deformation while being used, especially under disastrous weather. It is necessary to monitor the deformations of them real time in order to diagnose the engineering quality, and predict potential hazard in advance. This project studies a novel deformation monitoring method and system with the advantages of long measurement distance, high temporal and spatial sampling rate, high precision etc. This system consists of two parts: high-density distributed microwave scatters installed on the measured object and ground based interferometric radar sensor. The deformation monitoring technology is converted into two basic issues: carrier phase interferometric measurement and separation of multiple scatters. This project introduces the advanced signal processing technologies in the fields of radar and ECM to solve the problem of multi-scatter separation. The digital beam forming technology is used to form a plurality of parallel narrow beams to separate the scatters from different incident directions; The synthetic bandwidth technology is used to combine multi-channel narrow band signals to an ultra-wideband radar signal to improve the range resolution; The range deception technology is used to move scatters to new virtual positions out of the same rang cell so as to separate them. Then the carrier-phase interferometric measurement method is utilized to get the displacement of each scatter. Lastly, the multi-static radar technology is used to implement three dimensional deformation measurements. The research achievements of this project can provide powerful technical support for China's disaster prevention and reduction.

英文关键词： Deformation Monitoring;Digital Beam Forming;Synthetic Bandwidth;Range Deception;Multi-Static Radar