香蕉抗旱的生理遗传研究

项目名称： 香蕉抗旱的生理遗传研究

项目编号： No.30860170

项目类型： 地区科学基金项目

立项/批准年度： 2009

项目学科： 轻工业、手工业

项目作者： 李新国

作者单位： 海南大学

项目金额： 23万元

中文摘要： 本研究以香蕉抗旱生理机制为基础，结合流式细胞仪技术（FCM）、ISSR和SRAP标记技术，逐步揭示香蕉抗旱生理特征与遗传特性的关系。采用PEG法对3种不同基因组类型粉蕉（ABB）、帝王蕉（AA）和巴西蕉（AAA）模拟干旱实验，分别从植株整体、叶片和根系生理响应进行研究,阐明香蕉的抗旱的生理机制存在多种调控途径。利用主成分分析从23个生理指标筛选了叶蒸腾速率、叶脯氨酸、根可溶性蛋白、根SOD等11个可作为香蕉幼苗抗旱性评价的重要指标。应用模糊隶属函数法综合评判了3种香蕉幼苗的抗旱性大小依次为粉蕉（ABB）＞帝王蕉（AA）＞巴西蕉（AAA），表明香蕉不同基因组类型与抗旱性存在一定相关性。测定9个不同基因组类型的28份香蕉品种叶片的CTR、细胞质膜透性、MDA含量，经聚类分析和判别分析后，即建立了3个判别能力较高的判别类型。采用FCM技术、ISSR和SRAP标记分析28份香蕉品种的遗传特性，结合前面的抗旱生理特性，表明香蕉基因组类型与其抗旱性强弱并非一一对应的关系。因此，推测香蕉的抗旱性强弱不但与其基因组类型有关，而且和其倍性等有关。田间调研时，发现2株有利用价值的变异株系。

中文关键词： 香蕉；基因组类型；抗旱性；生理；遗传基础

英文摘要： Base on physioloical mechanism of banana drought resistance, as well as flow cytometry ( FCM ), inter-simple sequence repeat ( ISSR ) and sequence-related amplified polymorphism ( SRAP ) technologies,this studies analyzed the relevance between the physiological characters and genetical traits on drought resistance of banana.Three different genotypes of banana plantlets, including Fenjiao ( ABB ), Brazil banana ( AAA ) and Diwangjiao ( AA ), were researched on physiological respones for whole plantlet, the leaves ande roots under PEG method. The results showed that there were many regulation pathways for physioloical mechanism of banana drought resistance.11 indexes of leaf transpiration rate, leaf proline, root soluble protein, root SOD activity, etc, from 23 characters were selected by principal component analysis, and were as the important indicators to evaluate the drought resistance of banana.The drought resistance of three banana plantlet was Fenjiao(ABB)＞Diwangjiao(AA)＞Brazil banana(AAA) by the fuzzy subjectional function. It indicated threr was a very close relationship between the different genotypes and drought resistance of banana.The cell tense ratio ( CTR ), the plasmamembrane permeability, MDA content of 28 banana varieties leaves, referred to 9 different genotypes, were measured, then three discrimination models with better distinguishing abilities were established. Genetic characters were measured by FCM technology, ISSR and SRAP marker. It showed that different genotypes and drought resistance of banana was not one to one correspondence. So,we can postulate drought resistance of banana is not only ralted to its genotype,but also to its ploid,etc.Two valuable varieties were found during field research period.

英文关键词： banana; genotype; drought resistance; physiology; genetic basis