捕食线虫丝孢菌及相关属的DNA条形码和隐存多样性

项目名称： 捕食线虫丝孢菌及相关属的DNA条形码和隐存多样性

项目编号： No.31470147

项目类型： 面上项目

立项/批准年度： 2015

项目学科： 生物科学

项目作者： 张颖

作者单位： 云南大学

项目金额： 82万元

中文摘要： 捕食线虫丝孢菌是子囊菌中的一个食肉类群，其菌丝体可变态为各种结构精巧的捕食器官捕食线虫，在生物防治和进化上极具研究潜力。但分子证据和物种界定标准的缺乏，对其分类、科学命名和多样性研究造成了极大障碍。近年来迅速发展的DNA条形码技术为快速而准确地鉴定物种，研究分类和系统学提供了有效手段。本项目拟以概念清晰的种为材料，基于真菌系统学常用基因和已有的捕食线虫丝孢菌A. oligospora基因组，筛选、优化和确定适合该类群的DNA条形码标准基因；获得一批条形码，研究其在种内与种间的变异规律，及与有性型特征的对应关系，为便捷准确地鉴定捕食线虫丝孢菌，澄清其与有性型的进化关系，建立两者自然分类系统、科学地命名提供重要依据；并基于条形码发现可能的新种和隐存种，在精细尺度上研究隐存种与生物学特征间的关系，揭示重要捕食线虫丝孢菌的物种多样性和隐存多样性，为其起源、进化及其可持续生物防治提供有价值的线索。

中文关键词： 真菌资源；多样性；DNA条形码；系统发育

英文摘要： Nematode-trapping hyphomycetes belong to a modern lineage of the broad predatory fungi. They have distinctive trapping devices such as adhesive hyphae, adhesive knobs, adhesive networks, constricting rings, and non-constricting rings. Therefore, there is a great interest in using these fungi as model samples in adaptative evolution researches and as biological control agents against parasitic nematodes. However, due to the lack of enough molecular evidences and standard species delimitation, a natural taxonomic and nomenclature system including their teleomorphs still not exist. DNA barcoding has recently become increasingly popular for species delimitation, identification and systematics. For exploring a rapid and accurate approach of nematode-trapping hyphomycetes species identification, the popular genes used in fungal systematics and polymorphic sequences in A. oligospora' s genome are selected as the candidate DNA barcode markers to investigate their feasibility in identification of well-circumscribed species of this kind of hyphomycetes. A set of DNA barcodes will be acquired after the markers were screened and optimized, the intra-and inter-species divergences will be further investigated to establish the species delimitation and scientific nomenclature in nematode-trapping hyphomycetes and their teleomorphs. On the other hand, new species and the cryptic diversity will be explored in fine scale using DNA barcodes to provide us knowledge about the real picture of species diversity in nematode-trapping hyphomycetes.

英文关键词： Fungal resources;diversity;DNA barcoding;Phylogenetics