Assessing the performance of human movements during teleoperation and virtual reality is a challenging problem, particularly in 3D space due to complex spatial settings. Despite the presence of a multitude of metrics, a compelling standardized 3D metric is yet missing, aggravating inter-study comparability between different studies. Hence, evaluating human performance in virtual environments is a long-standing research goal, and a performance metric that combines two or more metrics under one formulation remains largely unexplored, particularly in higher dimensions. The absence of such a metric is primarily attributed to the discrepancies between pointing and manipulation, the complex spatial variables in 3D, and the combination of translational and rotational movements altogether. In this work, four experiments were designed and conducted with progressively higher spatial complexity to study and compare existing metrics thoroughly. The research goal was to quantify the difficulty of these 3D tasks and model human performance sufficiently in full 3D peripersonal space. Consequently, a new model extension has been proposed and its applicability has been validated across all the experimental results, showing improved modelling and representation of human performance in combined movements of 3D object pointing and manipulation tasks than existing work. Lastly, the implications on 3D interaction, teleoperation and object task design in virtual reality are discussed.
翻译:在远程操作和虚拟现实期间评估人类运动的性能是一个具有挑战性的问题,特别是在3D空间,由于复杂的空间环境,3D空间的性能评估是一个具有挑战性的问题。尽管存在许多衡量尺度,但仍缺少一项令人信服的标准化3D衡量尺度,使不同研究之间的可比性更加突出。因此,评价虚拟环境中的人类性能是一项长期的研究目标,而将两种或多种衡量尺度结合一种配方的性能衡量尺度在很大程度上仍未开发,特别是在更高的层面。缺乏这种衡量尺度的主要原因是指向和操纵、3D空间变量复杂以及翻译和轮值流动的组合之间存在差异。在这项工作中,设计并进行了四项实验,其空间复杂性逐渐提高,以彻底研究和比较现有的衡量尺度。研究的目的是充分量化这些3D任务的困难和3D全方位的人类性能模型。因此,提出了一个新的扩展模型,其在所有实验结果中的适用性得到了验证,表明在3D目标的指向和操纵任务的综合移动中,人类性能的模型和代表性得到了改进。最后,对3D互动、远程操作和任务设计任务设计的影响在现实中得到了讨论。