Electrochemical transport modelling and open-source simulation of pore-scale solid-liquid systems

The modelling of electrokinetic flows is a critical aspect spanning many industrial applications and research fields. This has introduced great demand in flexible numerical solvers to describe these flows. The underlying phenomena is microscopic, non-linear, and often involving multiple domains. Therefore often model assumptions and several numerical approximations are introduced to simplify the solution. In this work we present a multi-domain multi-species electrokinetic flow model including complex interface and bulk reactions. After a dimensional analysis and an overview of some limiting regimes, we present a set of general-purpose finite-volume solvers, based on OpenFOAM(R), capable of describing an arbitrary number of electrochemical species over multiple interacting (solid or fluid) domains. We provide a verification of the computational approach for several cases involving electrokinetic flows, reactions between species, and complex geometries. We first present three one-dimensional verification test-cases for single- and multi-domain cases and then show the capability of the solver to tackle two- and three-dimensional electrically driven flows and ionic transport in random porous structures. The purpose of this work is to lay the foundation of a general-purpose open-source flexible modelling tool for problems in electrochemistry and electrokinetics at different scales.