When building a new application we are more and more confronted with the need of reusing and integrating pre-existing knowledge, e.g., ontologies, schemas, data of any kind, from multiple sources. Nevertheless, it is a fact that this prior knowledge is virtually impossible to reuse as-is. This difficulty is the cause of high costs, with the further drawback that the resulting application will again be hardly reusable. It is a negative loop which consistently reinforces itself. iTelos is a general purpose methodology aiming at minimizing as much as possible the effects of this loop. iTelos is based on the intuition that the data level and the schema level of an application should be developed independently, thus allowing for maximum flexibility in the reuse of the prior knowledge, but under the overall guidance of the needs to be satisfied, formalized as competence queries. This intuition is implemented by codifying all the requirements, including those concerning reuse, as part of an a-priori defined purpose, which is then used to drive a middle-out development process where the application schema and data are continuously aligned.
翻译:当我们建立新应用时,我们越来越面临需要从多种来源重新利用和整合原有知识(例如,本源、计划、任何种类的数据)的新应用时,我们越来越面临需要重新使用和整合这些知识的问题,然而,事实上,这种先前的知识几乎不可能按原样再利用。这一困难是造成费用高昂的原因,其后果是,由此产生的应用将难以再使用,这是一个不断强化的负面循环。iTelos是一个通用方法,旨在尽可能减少这一循环的影响。iTelos基于一个直觉,即应用的数据水平和计划水平应独立开发,从而允许在重新利用先前的知识方面有最大的灵活性,但在需要满足的总体指导下,正式化为能力查询。这一直觉是通过编纂所有要求,包括有关再利用的要求,作为确定的首要目的的一部分,加以落实,然后用于推动一个中间发展过程,使应用计划和数据不断保持一致。