We propose a high-performance yet low-complexity hierarchical frequency synchronization scheme for orthogonal frequency-division multiple-access (OFDMA) aided distributed massive multi-input multi-output (MIMO) systems, where multi-ple carrier frequency offsets (CFOs) have to be estimated in the uplink. To solve this multi-CFO estimation problem efficiently, we classify the active antenna units (AAUs) as the master and the slaves. Then, we split the scheme into two stages. During the first stage the distributed slave AAUs are synchronized with the master AAU, while the user equipment (UE) is synchronized with the closest slave AAU during the second stage. The mean square error (MSE) performance of our scheme is better than that of the representative state-of-the-art baseline schemes, while its computational complexity is substantially lower.
翻译：我们提出了一种高性能但低复杂度的分层式频率同步方案，用于正交频分多址（OFDMA）辅助的分布式大规模多输入多输出（MIMO）系统，在其中需要估计多个载波频率偏移（CFO）的上行链路部分。为了有效解决这个多CFO估计问题，我们将激活的天线单元（AAUs）分类为主天线单元和从天线单元。然后，我们将方案分成两个阶段。在第一个阶段，分布式从AAUs与主AAU同步，而在第二个阶段，用户设备（UE）与最近的从AAU同步。我们的方案的均方误差（MSE）性能优于代表性的最新基准方案，而计算复杂度显著较低。
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