Lie detection is considered a concern for everyone in their day to day life given its impact on human interactions. Thus, people normally pay attention to both what their interlocutors are saying and also to their visual appearances, including faces, to try to find any signs that indicate whether the person is telling the truth or not. While automatic lie detection may help us to understand this lying characteristics, current systems are still fairly limited, partly due to lack of adequate datasets to evaluate their performance in realistic scenarios. In this work, we have collected an annotated dataset of facial images, comprising both 2D and 3D information of several participants during a card game that encourages players to lie. Using our collected dataset, We evaluated several types of machine learning-based lie detectors in terms of their generalization, person-specific and cross-domain experiments. Our results show that models based on deep learning achieve the best accuracy, reaching up to 57\% for the generalization task and 63\% when dealing with a single participant. Finally, we also highlight the limitation of the deep learning based lie detector when dealing with cross-domain lie detection tasks.
翻译:测谎被认为是每个人在日常生活中都关心的问题,因为测谎对人类互动产生了影响。因此,人们通常会注意对话者所说的话以及他们的视觉外观,包括面孔,试图找到任何迹象,表明该人是否在说实话。自动测谎可能帮助我们理解这种谎言特征,但目前系统仍然相当有限,部分原因是缺乏适当的数据集,无法在现实的情景下评价其性能。在这项工作中,我们收集了一张附有注释的面部图像数据集,包括鼓励玩家撒谎的牌游戏中若干参与者的2D和3D信息。我们利用我们收集的数据集,评估了几类机器学习测谎器的一般化、个人特有和跨场实验。我们的结果显示,基于深层学习的模型达到了最佳准确度,达到57 ⁇,在与一位参与者打交道时达到了63 ⁇ 。最后,我们还强调了在处理交叉测谎任务时深学习测谎仪的局限性。