This paper presents a density-based topology optimization method for designing three-dimensional (3D) compliant mechanisms and loadbearing structures with design-dependent pressure loading. Instead of interface-tracking techniques, the Darcy law in conjunction with a drainage term is employed to obtain pressure field as a function of the design vector. To ensure continuous transition of pressure loads as the design evolves, the flow coefficient of a finite element is defined using a smooth Heaviside function. The obtained pressure field is converted into consistent nodal loads using a transformation matrix. The presented approach employs the standard finite element formulation and also, allows consistent and computationally inexpensive calculation of load sensitivities using the adjoint-variable method. For compliant mechanism design, a multi-criteria objective is minimized, whereas minimization of compliance is performed for designing loadbearing structures. Efficacy and robustness of the presented approach is demonstrated by designing various pressure-actuated 3D compliant mechanisms and structures.
翻译:本文件介绍了一种基于密度的地形优化方法,用于设计三维(3D)符合要求的机制和载荷结构,并带有依赖设计的压力负荷。与其采用界面跟踪技术,不如使用达西法和排水术语,以获得作为设计矢量功能的压力场。为了确保压力负荷随着设计演进而持续转换,使用平滑的Heaviside功能界定了一定元素的流量系数。获得的压力字段被转换成使用转换矩阵的一致的节点负荷。提出的方法采用标准的限制要素配方,并允许使用联合可变方法对负荷敏感度进行一致和计算成本低的计算。对于符合要求的机制设计,尽可能降低多标准的目标,而设计负载结构时则尽可能降低合规性。设计各种压力活化的3D符合要求的机制和结构,可以证明所述方法的有效性和稳健性。