高熔点尼龙和纳米粒子在密闭系统的绿色同步合成

项目名称： 高熔点尼龙和纳米粒子在密闭系统的绿色同步合成

项目编号： No.50873046

项目类型： 面上项目

立项/批准年度： 2009

项目学科： 金属学与金属工艺

项目作者： 张子勇

作者单位： 暨南大学

项目金额： 33万元

中文摘要： 以超临界二氧化碳为绿色介质，研究了在密闭体系中合成高分子量和高熔点尼龙的科学问题。探索了改变尼龙盐中过量二元胺的用量和聚合工艺条件，通过一步三段法合成出粘均分子量高达5.0万的高熔点尼龙46，以及用一步多段升温法合成出参考粘均分子量为3.0万的尼龙64。尤其是尼龙46 的合成，开拓了一种新的合成方法，合成的分子量覆盖低分子量到高分子量的范围，避开了国外专利技术，具有明显的工业应用前景。研究结果申请了2件中国发明专利。在此基础上，探索了尼龙46和尼龙64与无机纳-微米粒子同步合成的科学问题。试图以尼龙缩聚的副产物水作为纳米粒子合成的反应物，既提高尼龙的分子量，又可得到纳米复合材料。通过多种无机前驱体的选择，以正硅酸乙酯和尼龙盐聚合，同时获得了分子量提高的尼龙样品和球形的二氧化硅粒子，粒子的尺寸在纳-微米级。研究工作的不足在于，同步合成对尼龙的分子量的提高并不明显。

中文关键词： 超临界二氧化碳；尼龙46；尼龙64；无机纳微米粒子

英文摘要： A scientific problem，synthesis of high molecular weight and high melting point of nylon in a closed system, has been studied by using supercritical carbon dioxide as a green media. The changes the amount of excess diamine in the nylon salt and polymerization process were explored to obtain the nylon 46 sample with a high melting point and a viscosity-average molecular weight of 50,000 by using a step three-stage synthesis method, and obtain a nylon 64 sample with viscosity-average molecular weight of 30000 by suing a multi-step synthesis method of a characteristic temperature. In particular, the synthesis of nylon 46 opened up a new synthetic method to be of a significant industrial application. The molecular weights of the products are involved in low molecular weight to high molecular weight range. The results applied for two Chinese patents. On this basis, another scientific problems on the simultaneous synthesis the nylon 46 and nylon 64 and of inorganic nano-micron particles has been explored. Both increase in the molecular weight of the nylon and acquisition of the nanocomposites were synchronously achieved by trying to the by-product water of the nylon as a reactant of nanoparticle synthesis. By the choice of a variety of inorganic precursor, TEOS was used as a precursor to take place the polymerization with the nylon salt at the same time. The nylon sample increased molecular weight and spherical silica particle with size in the nano-micron level have been obtained. Lack of the research work consists in not obvious improvement of the molecular weight of the nylon sample for synchronizing reactions.

英文关键词： supercritical carbon dioxide；nylon 46; nylon 64; inorganic nano-micron particle