巴旦木脱青皮机理分析及实验研究

项目名称： 巴旦木脱青皮机理分析及实验研究

项目编号： No.51465058

项目类型： 地区科学基金项目

立项/批准年度： 2015

项目学科： 机械、仪表工业

项目作者： 刘向东

作者单位： 新疆农业科学院

项目金额： 47万元

中文摘要： 巴旦木是新疆的特色坚果，是新疆特色林果产业发展中的重要组成部分。脱青皮是巴旦木收获后的首道加工工序，目前全面采用人工完成。以机械化作业提高巴旦木青皮的剥离脱净率与作业效率，是提高巴旦木外观与内在品质、降低生产成本的重要途径。本研究针对青皮巴旦木独特的物料特征，对巴旦木青皮与硬壳的生物学特征、物理机械特性、青皮剥离受力特点及其三者之间的规律进行研究，建立巴旦木脱青皮受力模型；借助高速摄影机和电子拉力试验机、脱皮试验装置，研究脱青皮受力大小、部位的变化规律，研究脱皮时硬壳潜在的损伤率变化规律--青皮剥离特性，通过不同脱皮原理的脱青皮装置进行试验研究，揭示机械脱青皮的最佳脱皮机理与最小硬壳损伤机理，验证受力模型，获得影响青皮巴旦木脱皮效果的主要影响因素，为高效巴旦木脱青皮装置提供设计依据。若实现研究目标，对提高巴旦木脱青皮脱净率与生产效率，降低破损率，为后续的巴旦木商品化处理提供理论依据。

中文关键词： 巴旦木脱青皮；机理；实验；损伤率；优化设计

英文摘要： Almond is the characteristic nuts in Xinjiang.It's an important part of the development of characteristic fruit industry in Xinjiang. Almond hulling processing is first process after harvest.The almond hulling depend on handwork completly in local almond plant industry.The almond process mechanization can improved the hulling rate and work efficiency greatly,and even what's more is that it provide an important way to improve the appearance and internal quality for almond kernal.Green almond、biological characteristics and hulling force characteristics and their relationship will be studied based on the unique material and structure of green almond in this study.The dehusking force model will be established based upon research data. With the help of high speed camera and electronic test machine、hulling device,hulling force、force position and potential damage rate hulling characteristic will be studied.The mechanism of minimum shell damage and best hulling method will be revealed and the force model will be verified which based on different hulling principle and experiment. The main factors which affecting the hulling rate will be revealed.It will provide design basis for a high efficiency huller for green almond. If those research goal has being achieved,it will improve the hulling rate and production efficiency and decrease the damage rate greatly for future almond commercialization process.

英文关键词： almond hulling;mechanism;experiment;damage rate;optimal design