苏云金芽孢杆菌富集铬离子的性能与机理研究

项目名称： 苏云金芽孢杆菌富集铬离子的性能与机理研究

项目编号： No.41203078

项目类型： 青年科学基金项目

立项/批准年度： 2013

项目学科： 地球化学

项目作者： 常明

作者单位： 中国环境科学研究院

项目金额： 25万元

中文摘要： 苏云金芽孢杆菌（Bt）广泛分布于各种土壤介质中，是一类代谢过程中可产生伴孢晶体的革兰氏阳性细菌。由于Bt的伴孢晶体由多种高分子蛋白组成而具有富集重金属的潜在优势，但目前缺少Bt富集重金属的相关研究，尤其是机理研究。为此，本项目以Bt为研究对象，以重金属Cr为目标物，拟通过开展Bt对Cr(III)和Cr(VI)的适应性、耐受性、富集量以及Bt对Cr(VI)的还原作用研究，掌握Bt富集重金属的生物脱毒性能；通过对富集Cr(III)和Cr(VI)的Bt进行亚细胞结构观察，基因组水平、质粒变化分析及代谢与生物富集的关系研究，探讨Bt富集重金属的生物脱毒机理。在此基础上，选择制革工业废水进行Bt处理含铬废水的方法研究，考察Bt在处理重金属污染工业废水方面的潜力。本项目将对认识重金属的迁移转化规律及其风险评估具有重要意义。

中文关键词： 苏云金芽孢杆菌；重金属；土壤；Cr(VI)；

英文摘要： Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt), a kind of gram-positive bacterium widely occurring in different types of soils, can produce parasporal crystals during its metabolization. The parasporal crystals of Bt consist of many kinds of proteins with high molecular mass, therefore it is possible to bioaccumulate the heavy metals by complex. However, little is known about the bioaccumulation of heavy metal ions with Bt, especially their interaction mechanisms. Therefore, with common founded Cr ions as target, the project focuses on the adaptability, tolerability, accumulation, and reduction, and then evaluates the ability of biological detoxification of growing Bt with different Cr species including Cr(III) and Cr(VI). This research will also discuss the possible mechanisms of biological detoxification for Cr ions by analysis on sub-cellular structure, genome change, and plasmid damage, as well as the effect of metabolization on its bioaccumulation. On that basis, our research will investigate the potential of Bt in the treatment of leather industry wastewater containing different concentration levels of Cr ions. The results will help understand the mechanisms of transport and transformation, as well as support the risk assessment of heavy metal ions.

英文关键词： Bacillus thuringiensis；heavy metals；soil；Cr(VI)；