部分同源片段间基因置换的研究及其可视化网络服务平台的建立

项目名称： 部分同源片段间基因置换的研究及其可视化网络服务平台的建立

项目编号： No.31501072

项目类型： 青年科学基金项目

立项/批准年度： 2016

项目学科： 生物科学

项目作者： 刘涛

作者单位： 华北理工大学

项目金额： 20万元

中文摘要： 近年来，人们对遗传重组的发生机制、功能及影响有了新认识，尤其是发现“重组”造成基因置换远超过以前认识：一是关于植物多倍化产生了部分同源染色体（或片段）间的非正常遗传重组，二是关于同源染色体间的重组。植物进化过程中，多倍化广泛发生，对禾本科植物的研究发现多倍化产生的同源片段间，有非正常的重组发生，导致基因置换，并直接影响了染色体基因结构和功能。通过对40株拟南芥F2代植株和它们的亲本重测序，发现同源染色体重组过程中，基因置换占所有遗传重组事件的90%以上。迄今，已有超50种植物测得了全基因组，但对遗传重组的分析只局限于个别的基因组中。为了充分利用这些花费巨大人力财力获得的宝贵数据资源，并加深对染色体重组的认识，本项目拟对所有测序的被子植物基因组进行深入分析，探索染色体间非正常遗传重组，特别是基因置换，发生的规模、频率、分布和对染色体和基因结构与功能的影响，开发可视化算法工具，提供网络平台服务

中文关键词： 非正常遗传重组；基因置换；多倍化；多序列比对；数据可视化

英文摘要： Genetic recombination is central to molecular biology. However, it is still lack of understanding about related mechanisms, functions and affects. Recently, the development of genomics research has shed new light on the study of recombination, especially about unexpected wide-spread gene conversion that recombination incurred. Researches in grasses showed that homoeologous chromosomes produced by polypoidization, which has been popular during the evolution of angiosperms, were affected by gene conversion as a result of homoeologous recombination, resulting in unexpected changes in chromosomal and genic structures and functions. The resequencing of 40 Arabidopsis plants discovered that >90% of homologous events involve gene conversion. So far, over 50 angiosperm plants have been sequenced of their genomes, however only in few of them researches have been done to detect illegitimate recombination and gene conversion. To fully use these hard-won genome resources and increase the understanding of recombination, we proposed to perform a thorough research into these genomes to find the scale, frequency, distribution of illegitimate recombination, especially gene conversion, and how it has affected the structure and functional innovation of chromosomes, and we will develop the analysis algorithm and visualization software, and build the opening network platform serving visualization anlysis of gene conversion.

英文关键词： Illegitimate recombination;Gene conversion;Polyploid;multiple sequences alignment;Data visualization