生物神经系统的若干问题研究

项目名称： 生物神经系统的若干问题研究

项目编号： No.11465004

项目类型： 地区科学基金项目

立项/批准年度： 2015

项目学科： 数理科学和化学

项目作者： 曾上游

作者单位： 广西师范大学

项目金额： 61万元

中文摘要： 将神经电生理学理论、统计物理学理论、复杂网络理论和非线性动力学理论有机结合起来，研究大脑神经系统信息处理的若干问题。首先构造反映神经系统特征的层式小世界网络模型，研究这种独特的层式结构对神经系统复杂动力学特征、电学特征和信息处理机制的影响；其次在真实神经网络模型的框架下，研究STDP（尖峰时刻依赖可塑性）这种特殊的神经可塑性对神经系统复杂动力学特征和信息处理机制，特别是学习和信息检测的影响；再次采用统计物理方法和信息论，从集体效应的角度研究神经系统的信息处理，特别是信息传输速率；最后将大脑神经系统相对于计算机CPU的四大主要特征结合起来，研究它们对神经系统复杂动力学特性和电学特性的耦合效应，探索它们对神经信息处理，如神经信号产生、传输、编码与检索的耦合影响。这些研究工作将丰富神经电生理学理论、复杂网络理论和非线性动力学理论，同时为探索人脑的学习、记忆、感知等高级活动提供有参考价值的新思路。

中文关键词： 复杂动力学特征；复杂生物神经网络；神经信息处理；噪声；神经可塑性

英文摘要： Synthesizing neurophysiology, statistic physics theory, complex network theory and nonlinear dynamics theory, several problems on information processing in the neural systems of brains will be studied in the project. Firstly, constructing the hierarchical small-world networks based on the characteristics of neural systems, and then studying the effect of this kind of unique structure (i.e. hierarchical organization) on the complex nonlinear dynamical characteristics, the electrical characteristics and the information processing mechanism of the neural systems. Secondly, under the frame of the realistic neural network models, studying the effect of STDP (spike timing dependent plasticity) on the complex dynamical characteristics and the information processing mechanism of the neural systems, especially, on learning and information detection. Thirdly, in the aspect of the collectivity effect, using statistic physics method and information theory to study information processing of the neural systems, especially, on information transmission rate. Finally, synthesizing the four main characteristics of the neural systems relative to the computer's CPU, studying their coupling effect on the complex dynamical characteristics, the electrical characteristics and information processing of the neural systems, especially, on generation, transmission, encoding and detection of neural information. Theses research works will enrich neurophysiology, complex network theory and nonlinear dynamics theory, and provide valuable ideas to explore the high-level functions of human being's brains, such as learning, memory and perception et al.

英文关键词： complex dynamical characteristics;biological neural systems;neural information processing;noise;neural plasticity