新型纳米零价铁的制备及去除铀尾矿库废水中210Pb、210Po的研究

项目名称： 新型纳米零价铁的制备及去除铀尾矿库废水中210Pb、210Po的研究

项目编号： No.11205030

项目类型： 青年科学基金项目

立项/批准年度： 2013

项目学科： 物理学II

项目作者： 李小燕

作者单位： 东华理工大学

项目金额： 21万元

中文摘要： 铀矿采冶过程中，矿石中的放射性核素，除铀大部分被提取外，还有少量铀和几乎全部的232Th、228Ra、210Pb、210Po等进入尾矿贮存在尾矿库内，由于化学和细菌的氧化作用，尾矿中的黄铁矿可部分转变成硫酸，使矿石中的有害物质浸出，浸出液中含有238U、232Th 、228Ra、210Pb、210Po等放射性核素,铀矿山周围居民长期用这种废水浇灌农田，使放射性核素积聚在农田土壤中，亦迁移到作物中，通过食物链，最后进入人体，对人体健康造成伤害。本项目在调研国内外纳米零价铁研究的基础上，运用液相还原法制备负载型和包覆型纳米零价铁，并用来去除铀尾矿库废水中放射性核素210Po、210Pb。主要研究纳米零价铁的制备方法和条件、纳米零价铁去除废水中放射性核素的条件及机理，最终研发出经济高效、可重复使用的新型纳米材料。该成果可用于铀尾矿库废水处理，降低废水处理成本，减轻铀尾矿废水对环境的辐射危害

中文关键词： 纳米零价铁；包覆；负载；去除率；铅

英文摘要： In uranium ore mining and smelting process, the radionuclide in ore in addition to most of the uranium was extracted, a small amount of uranium and almost all of the 232Th, 228Ra, 210Pb, 210Po enter into tailings and storage in tailings pond. Because chemistry and bacterial oxidation, the pyrite in tailings transform into sulfuric acid partly which can leaching some harmful substance from tailings, the wastewater contains some radionuclide such as 238U, 232Th, 228Ra, 210Pb, 210Po,the residents around tailings pond use this wastewater usually to irrigate farmland which make radionuclide accumulate in farmland soil and migrate to crops,finally enter into the human body through the food chain causing serious damage to human body health. Based on the present research on the study of nano zero-valent iron in the domestic and foreign, the project use liquid reduction method to prepare starch loaded and carboxymethyl cellulose coated nano zero-valent iron which used to remove 210Po, 210Pb in wastewater from uranium tailings. The project main study preparation methods and conditions on nano zero-valent iron, removal conditions and mechanism on the radionuclide by nano zero-valent iron, and eventually develope a economic、high efficiency and reused new nano materials. The results can be used to deal with wastewater from

英文关键词： Nanoscale Zero-Valent Iron；coat；load；remove rate；Lead