古老岩盐沉积中的噬菌体多样性及其基因组和宿主域研究

项目名称： 古老岩盐沉积中的噬菌体多样性及其基因组和宿主域研究

项目编号： No.31200138

项目类型： 青年科学基金项目

立项/批准年度： 2013

项目学科： 微生物学、植物学

项目作者： 肖炜

作者单位： 云南大学

项目金额： 23万元

中文摘要： 我们的前期研究工作表明，古老岩盐沉积中不仅具有较为丰富的原核生物多样性，而且也分离到2株噬菌体。为了了解古老岩盐沉积中噬菌体多样性及其基因组和宿主域特征，本项目拟采集一平浪盐矿矿道土壤等样品，通过电镜、荧光显微镜观察、纯培养分离（优化此前分离方法）和鉴定，研究古老岩盐沉积中噬菌体类群及分布规律，评价这一高盐环境中噬菌体多样性及其与环境非生物因子的相关性；测定1株代表性噬菌体的全基因组序列，分析其基本特征，与其它噬菌体基因组比较，揭示古老岩盐沉积中噬菌体的个性与共性；进行以细菌、古菌和真核生物细胞为对象的跨域侵染实验，评价噬菌体的宿主域。本项目的实施将进一步拓展和丰富我国嗜盐微生物的研究内容，获得一批高盐噬菌体及其宿主菌株资源，为揭示古老岩盐沉积高盐环境中噬菌体的演化规律，阐明微生物多样性的维持机制，物种间基因转移机制及其与生命演化的关系提供有学术价值的科学证据。

中文关键词： 高盐环境；病毒；多样性；基因组；宿主域

英文摘要： Our previously research suggested that not only prokaryotes but also pahges are abundant in ancient salt deposits. To estimate phage diversity, genome sequences and host range in ancient salt deposits, many methods are carried out. Phages abundances in different Yipinglang salt mine samples are estimated by direct counting of virus-like particles under epifluorescence microscopy. Phage diversity is determined based on morphological data gathered using transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Phage abundance and diversity were compared across samples in order to determine how these data correlate with environmental abiotic factors. This study optimize methods to isolate phage in hypersaline soils, and phage isolates genomic nucleic acid were extracted and sequencing partially, morphology was determined by TEM. One phage genomic sequences is determined and analyzed. The result will indicate the common and different characteristic among haloviruses genome sequences. Meanwhile, phage isolates host range was assessed by using bacteria, archaea and eukaryotic cells. This work will make further efforts to expend and enrich context of study in halophiles, collect a batch of salt mine phages and their host strains, also, contribute to reveal law of viral evolution, the maintenance mechanism of microbial diversity, the mec

英文关键词： Hypersaline environment；Virus；Diversity；Genome；Host rang