长期施肥下土壤粘粒矿物的演变及其供钾特征

项目名称： 长期施肥下土壤粘粒矿物的演变及其供钾特征

项目编号： No.41201230

项目类型： 青年科学基金项目

立项/批准年度： 2013

项目学科： 地理学

项目作者： 黄传琴

作者单位： 华中农业大学

项目金额： 25万元

中文摘要： 耕作和施肥等高强度人为干扰措施改变了土壤物理、化学、生物特性，影响矿物风化和肥力特征。现有研究较多关注施肥措施对土壤特性和钾的释放与固定行为的影响，而长期施肥下土壤粘粒矿物的风化转化未受到重视，其演变特点不同于自然环境下的粘粒矿物。本项目以南方红壤、西北黄土高原黑垆土、东北黑土为研究对象，以区域环境要素和土壤粘粒矿物组成差异为线索，以土壤矿物演化规律为核心，根据矿物学、晶体学和结构化学等理论，采用X-射线衍射、Rietveld结构精修与全谱拟合定量分析，研究区域典型土壤在自然环境和长期施肥措施下粘粒矿物的组成差异；结合粘粒矿物的微结构特征，探讨不同施肥措施下土壤粘粒矿物风化强度与演变过程的区域特征；揭示长期施肥措施下土壤粘粒矿物的演变特点及其与土壤供钾特征的互馈机制。研究成果可丰富人为干扰下矿物演化的机理、提高农业生态系统生产力，为发展可持续的高效农业提供科学依据。

中文关键词： 粘土矿物；矿物演化；氧化物；长期施肥；钾素

英文摘要： Cultivation and fertilization could change the physical, chemical and biological characteristics of soil, which affects mineral weathering and soil fertility. So far, researchers have paid close attention to the effects of long-term fertilization on soil properties and the release and fixation capacity of potassium. However, weathering and transformation of clay mineral under long-term fertilization which was different from that in natural environment has not gotten enough regards. Red soil, Heilu soil and Black soil in south, northwest and northeast China, respectively, were selected for this project. The purpose of this project was 1) to analyze differences in clay mineral composition between natural environment and fertilization in different regions by using X-ray diffration, rietveld structure refinement and multiphase quantification analysis based on theories of mineralogy, crystallography and structural chemisrty; 2) to explore the regional characteristics of mineral weathering and transformation as a result of different fertilizer treatments in different regional climate; 3) to reveal the characteristic of clay mineral evolution and the mutuar-feed between clay mineral evolution and soil potassium supplying ability. The results could enrich the research on mechanism of clay mineral evolution in the contex

英文关键词： Clay mineral；Mineral evolution；Oxide；Long-term fertilization；Potassium