强调与对比影响语篇理解的认知过程及其神经机制

项目名称： 强调与对比影响语篇理解的认知过程及其神经机制

项目编号： No.31500916

项目类型： 青年科学基金项目

立项/批准年度： 2016

项目学科： 神经、认识与心理学

项目作者： 陈黎静

作者单位： 福建师范大学

项目金额： 20万元

中文摘要： 在人类演化的历程中，语言发挥了至关重要的作用。前人研究系统考察了语言理解的基本认知过程。然而，语言理解中，读者/听者往往能够提取并加工话里行间隐含的“言外之意”（语用信息），而该过程所涉及的认知及神经机制，迄今了解甚少。强调就是这样的一种语用信息。我们的前期研究发现，强调不但引导读者的注意分配，还引导读者将强调对象与相关对象进行对比。那么，强调引导对比关系建构的认知过程和神经机制是怎样的？在对比的过程中涉及到哪些对象的加工？这些语用信息的加工对语篇理解产生什么样的影响？本项目关注强调与对比对语篇理解的影响及其认知神经机制。首先我们考察语言强调和视觉强调引导读者建构对比关系的过程，其次我们考察概念对比和社会比较如何限制对比关系的建构；最后我们综合上述研究结果，揭示对比关系建构（结构层面）和对比对象选择（内容层面）的相互作用及其对语篇理解的影响，为发展和完善语篇理解理论模型提供实证支持。

中文关键词： 语篇理解；强调；对比；事件相关电位；眼动追踪

英文摘要： The ability to communicate through language is a unique and important human attribute. Previous studies have revealed the cognitive mechanisms of language comprehension. However, an interesting issue is that people find it easy to understand pragmatic information contained in sentences/discourses, though this information is generally implicit. We know little about the cognitive and neuronal mechanisms underlying this process. An important type of pragmatic information is emphasis. Our recent studies show that emphasis affects attention allocation in discourse comprehension; moreover, emphasis also implies a contrast between the emphasized target and other potential targets. However, additional important questions need now to be answered. How is the contrast between the emphasized and other targets established? How does this affect on-line discourse comprehension? What kinds of targets can be suitable contrastive targets? And how does this kind of pragmatic information processing affect discourse comprehension? The present project will explore the cognitive processes and neural mechanisms underlying the influences of emphasis and contrast processing on discourse comprehension. First, we will explore how linguistic emphasis and visual emphasis direct readers to build up the contrastive relationship between discourse elements, and thereby reveal the influence of emphasis and contrast on discourse comprehension. Second, we will explore how concept contrast and social comparison restrict potential contrastive relationships between elements and thus affect discourse comprehension. Lastly, we will integrate these results to provide an account of the interaction between the contrastive relationship (structural-level) and the contrastive targets (content-level) and their combined influence on discourse comprehension, to construct and develop a theory and model of discourse comprehension.

英文关键词： Discourse comprehension;Emphasis;Contrast;ERPs;Eye tracking