珠江虎门潮优型河口重金属迁移转化的动力机制

项目名称： 珠江虎门潮优型河口重金属迁移转化的动力机制

项目编号： No.41506104

项目类型： 青年科学基金项目

立项/批准年度： 2016

项目学科： 天文学、地球科学

项目作者： 罗向欣

作者单位： 中山大学

项目金额： 22万元

中文摘要： 河口是连接陆海之要津，是陆源污染物经河流由陆向海输运的重要路径，区位独特，环境特殊，河口重金属迁移转化过程复杂多变，且是其远距离扩散的关键环节，具重要科学意义。针对珠江河口重金属污染日趋严峻的环境问题，选取虎门潮优型河口为研究区，在虎门大虎断面设置垂线样品采集、水动力和理化参数同步观测断面，进行洪、枯两季大小潮期连续26小时的逐时垂线6点法水文测验，逐时采集水样、理化参数同步观测及表层沉积物采样，水样在现场采用0.45µm 的纤维滤膜进行过虑，分为颗粒相和溶解相，定量分析虎门河口水环境和表层沉积物中重金属在不同潮汐阶段的含量、组成和分布特征。结合现场同步水动力和理化参数，探讨河口环流、盐淡水混合及不同特征潮段重金属的河口过程，揭示重金属在河口特殊环境迁移转化的动力机制，为河口重金属污染的控制、治理和修复提供科学依据。

中文关键词： 重金属；动力结构；迁移转化；虎门河口

英文摘要： The estuary is the strategic position of connecting land and sea, and is an important path for land-based pollutants transport to the sea by rivers. Its location is unique and its environment is special. The process of transformation and migration of heavy metals in estuaries is complex and changeable, and is the key factor of long-distance dispersal, and has important scientific significance. Aiming at the increasingly serious problem of heavy metal pollution in the Pearl River estuary, we select Humen, the tide controlled estuary, as the study area, and set observation section at Dahu section for collecting sediment and water samples and observing hydrodynamic and physicochemical parameters, and collect sediments, water samples of vertical 6 points, hydrodynamic and physicochemical parameters hourly in 26 consecutive hours during spring tide and neap tide in flood season and dry season. Water samples were divided into particulate and dissolved phases by filter using 0.45µm fiber filter membrane at field. We analyze the characteristic of content, composition and distribution of heavy metal in sediment and water in different tidal level. Combined with the synchronous dynamic and physicochemical parameters in the field, we discuss the process of heavy metals in estuary in estuarine circulation, mixed salt water and fresh water and special tidal level. Then we reveal the dynamic mechanism of migration and transformation of heavy metals in estuary, and it provides scientific basis for the control、restoration of heavy metal pollution in estuary.

英文关键词： heavy metal;dynamic structure;migration and transformation;Humen estuary