褐腐病菌的快速检测及中国苹果褐腐病菌多样性的研究

项目名称： 褐腐病菌的快速检测及中国苹果褐腐病菌多样性的研究

项目编号： No.31201469

项目类型： 青年科学基金项目

立项/批准年度： 2013

项目学科： 植物保护学、园艺学与植物营养学

项目作者： 朱小琼

作者单位： 中国农业大学

项目金额： 22万元

中文摘要： 褐腐病是核果和仁果上重要的病害，其病原包括四种，它们在世界各地的分布呈现显著的地区差异，因而，褐腐病菌被很多国家列为重要的检疫对象。研究者们一直在探索检测褐腐病菌的方法，然而，几个种之间形态特征极其相似，ITS等序列差异较小，直到目前都没有准确鉴定几种褐腐病菌的方法。而且，对中国核果褐腐病菌的研究显示，来自国内的M. laxa和M. fructigena与国外相应的种不同，属于不同的系统发育种，因此应当建立快速、准确鉴定褐腐病菌种类的方法，为果品的快速通关提供技术支持。 研究显示，苹果上褐腐病菌种类的地理分布与寄主的起源及传播密切相关。我国是苹果的起源中心，新疆伊犁分布着大量的野生苹果，而且我国种植着大面积的栽培苹果，然而，对于苹果上的褐腐病菌却没有进行过系统的研究。因此，本研究拟对我国苹果及野生苹果上褐腐病菌的种类及系统发育进行研究，为褐腐病菌的演化及植物检疫对象的制定提供理论依据。

中文关键词： 褐腐病菌；种类鉴定；系统发育；分化年代；协同进化

英文摘要： Brown rot is an important disease on stone and pome fruits and the causal pathogen include four species which have obviously different geographical distribution all over the world.Then,some species of brown rot fungi are listed as important quarantine organisms.Researchers continuously tried to get the detection method. Because it is little in the difference of the morphological charateristics and sequences such as ITS between the species, up to now, accurate identification method have not been found.Moreover, investigation of brown rot fungi on stone fruits showed that M.laxa and M. fructigena from China were different from those from outside of China, respectively and they belong to different phylogenetic species.Thus,it should be construct rapid and accurate method for species identification in order to offer technology for rapid custom of fruit. Investigations showed that the distribution of species of brown rot fungi on apple is closely related to the origin and spread of its host. China is one of the origin center for apple and there are large quantity of wild apple resources in Yili in Xinjiang. Moreover,apple are widely planted in China. However, systemic research for brown rot fungi either on apple or on wild apple are absent. In this study, species and phylogeny of brown rot fungi on apple and wild app

英文关键词： Brown rot fungi；Species identification；Phylogeny；diverged year；coevolution