冠菌素诱导棉花叶片脱落的生理机制及其对种子和纤维发育的影响

项目名称： 冠菌素诱导棉花叶片脱落的生理机制及其对种子和纤维发育的影响

项目编号： No.31301257

项目类型： 青年科学基金项目

立项/批准年度： 2014

项目学科： 农业科学

项目作者： 杜明伟

作者单位： 中国农业大学

项目金额： 24万元

中文摘要： 我国农业生产劳动力日渐短缺，棉花收获机械化成为必然趋势，而高效、安全的脱叶剂及其应用技术是机械采棉农艺配套技术的核心关键。新型植物生长调节物质冠菌素能引起植物器官脱落，但其诱导棉花叶片脱落及其生理机制未见报道。本项目拟在温室和大田条件下，研究冠菌素诱导棉花不同叶龄叶片离层形成的显微结构特征及其发生的时序性，从叶绿素降解动态、叶片衰老和离层形成相关关键酶的功能表达、激素信号转导等角度，探明冠菌素诱导叶片衰老和脱落的生理机制，分析叶片衰老和脱落特异性基因的表达，阐明离层形成的分子机理，并研究冠菌素对棉花种子质量和纤维品质的影响。研究结果对揭示冠菌素脱叶的生理和分子机理具有重要意义，为创制高效、安全的新型脱叶剂提供理论依据，对推动我国棉花收获机械化进程具有重要的理论意义和应用价值。

中文关键词： 棉花；脱叶；冠菌素；分子机制；种子质量与纤维品质

英文摘要： Normally, cotton plants are picked by hand in China. However, changes in its sociological and economical infrastructure have led to a shortage of workers to pick cotton plants and require mechanical harvesting.Efficient and safe defoliant and its application technology are key process to facilitate cotton mechanical harvesting. Abscission of plant organ can be induced by coronatine which mimics some biological activities of methyl jasmonate, but coronatine-induced cotton defoliation has not been explored. In the present project, microstructure of abscission layer and it's occurred scheduling in different aged leaves would be studied in coronatine-induced cotton defoliation process. Dynamic of chlorophyll degradation, activities of enzymes related to leaf senescence and abscission layer, and hormones would be detected. Expressions of senescence and abscission-specifically gene should be tested by qRT-PCR. Affection of coronatine on cotton seed and fiber qualities would be explored in the field. The results would reveal physiological and molecular mechanism of coronatine-induced cotton defoliation, and provide theoretical basis for creating efficient and safe defoliant which is of great benefit to cotton mechanical harvesting.

英文关键词： Cotton；Defoliation；Coronatine；Molecular mechanism；Seed and fiber quality