项目名称: 广西地区晚更新世猪科动物化石古DNA分子演化研究
项目编号: No.41202013
项目类型: 青年科学基金项目
立项/批准年度: 2013
项目学科: 天文学、地球科学
项目作者: 侯新东
作者单位: 中国地质大学(武汉)
项目金额: 25万元
中文摘要: 古DNA可以直接从古代材料中提取,从而可以得到物种特定的遗传信息,扩大了DNA研究的时间尺度,为进一步认识古代生物及演化提供的新的的证据。猪科动物的驯化和演化存在多个起源中心,如何确定这些起源中心还存在一定的争议。本研究采用分子生物学的实验方法和技术,提取和扩增我国广西地区晚更新世以来地层中猪科动物化石的线粒体基因组古DNA,通过与基因库中已有的猪科动物同源序列的对比分析,构建该科动物的系统进化树,从分子水平分析该科动物从地质历史时期至今的演化谱系,为猪科动物的驯化与演化提供分子证据。通过对不同化石分布地点的猪科动物多个个体线粒体基因组细胞色素b基因及高变控制区的遗传分异度比较,结合现有第四纪古气候、古环境的研究资料揭示猪科动物的演化规律,探讨晚更新世以来古环境变迁、气候变化引起的猪遗传多样性演变规律,进而从分子水平上探讨晚更新世以来生物与环境的协调发展。
中文关键词: 野猪;家猪;古DNA;系统发育分析;驯化
英文摘要: Ancient DNA can be extracted directly from the ancient material, which can provide the genetic information of specific species, and expand the time scale of DNA research, provide some new evidences about ancient biological evolution. The Suidae animal domestication and evolution have more center of origin, and it has some controversy that how to determine these centers of origin. In this study, using the experimental methods and techniques of molecular biology to extract and amplify the ancient DNA of the mitochondrial genome from Suidae animal fossils of the late Pleistocene in the Guangxi region, China.By compare the homologous sequences of extant Suidae animal from GenBank database, to build the phylogenetic tree of related species,analysing the evolutionary lineage of Suidae animals since from the geological history to now, to provide molecular evidence for the Suidae animal domestication and evolution.Contrasting the gene divergence of the cytochrome b gene and control region from more suidae animals, combined with the existing Quaternary paleoclimatic and paleoenvironmental studies reveal Suidae animals evolution regularity, to research the genetic diversity change of Suidae animals owing to the paleoclimatic and paleoenvironmental changes since the late Pleistocene, and thus the molecular level to investi
英文关键词: Wild boar;Pig;Ancient DNA;Phylogenetic analysis;Domestication