中国寒武纪软舌螺动物系统分类学、解剖学及埋藏学研究

项目名称： 中国寒武纪软舌螺动物系统分类学、解剖学及埋藏学研究

项目编号： No.41602002

项目类型： 青年科学基金项目

立项/批准年度： 2017

项目学科： 天文学、地球科学

项目作者： 孙海静

作者单位： 中国科学院南京地质古生物研究所

项目金额： 20万元

中文摘要： 软舌螺动物是一类古生代全球广布的海洋表生底栖无脊椎动物，始现于寒武纪初期，灭绝于二叠纪末期。该类群化石常以简单锥壳保存且软体信息较少，造成其在各方面研究进展缓慢。中国寒武系发育，在碎屑岩及碳酸盐相中均产有大量软舌螺化石，但以往工作多以传统分类学研究为主，且大多早期建立属种的模式标本保存不佳，造成其分类的有效性一直存在争议。本项目将利用华南及华北寒武系保存的大量软舌螺类化石标本，采用定量古生物学及分支分类学等方法开展系统分类研究，弄清寒武纪各时期、各产区软舌螺类组成面貌、分异度及地层延限等特征，分析软舌螺各类群间的演化关系，以及在寒武纪各时期演化发展规律，揭示生态环境变化对其身体构型的影响。对各层位产出的软舌螺化石进行埋藏学研究，重塑其埋藏和生活环境。此外，本项目还针对华南及华北寒武纪主要特异埋藏化石库中具软体保存的标本开展软舌螺类的解剖学研究，为其在动物演化谱系树中的位置提供依据。

中文关键词： 软舌螺动物；系统学；解剖学；埋藏学；寒武纪

英文摘要： Hyoliths are a large, diverse, and rather enigmatic group of benthic motile and extinct marine invertebrates known worldwide from Paleozoic strata. They are especially diverse in Cambrian deposits, and constitute an important group of early, biomineralising metazoans. Hyoliths are usually known as simple conical shells, and the lack of other important skeletal and anatomical information tend to hinder systematic work, and to render speculative their biomechanics, palaeoecology and other aspects. Cambrian strata of China yield abundant and well-preserved hyolith fossils. To date, most of previous documentations mainly focus on systematic work, but many early-described hyolith taxa were based on poorly preserved material, which remains the validity of these taxa in question. . This project will focus on the systematics, anatomy and taphonomy of the Cambrian hyolith from both South and North China. The strata includes: in ascending order, the Zhujiaqing, Shiyantou, Yu’anshan, Hongjingshao and Wulongqing formations in Yunnan Province; the Balang Formation in Guizhou Province; the Mantou, Zhangxia and Gushan formations in Shandong Province; and the Mantou Formation in Hebei Province. Besides traditional palaeontologic methods, morphometrics, cladistics, geobiodiversity database and paleobiology database will also be applied to the systematic work, and to contribute to a better understanding of the evolutionary history of hyolith and the interaction with ecosystem through Cambrian. Taphonomic work plays an important role as offering insights into the living habitat and postmortem stories of hyoliths, and it is a way to access to the palaeoecologic reconstruction. In addition, we will also carry out intense work on the hyoliths with soft parts that yield from the exceptionally preserved lagerstätte. Information from the internal anatomy will be used to reconstruct the biologic nature of the hyolith and to interpret its affinity.

英文关键词： hyoliths;systematics;anatomy;taphonomy; Cambrian