藏药材山莨菪提高家畜抗冷应激能力的民族植物学研究

项目名称： 藏药材山莨菪提高家畜抗冷应激能力的民族植物学研究

项目编号： No.31500268

项目类型： 青年科学基金项目

立项/批准年度： 2016

项目学科： 生物科学

项目作者： 付瑶

作者单位： 中国科学院昆明植物研究所

项目金额： 20万元

中文摘要： 在我国北方草原和青藏高原，冷害和雪灾常常诱发大量家畜死亡，造成巨大经济损失，因此提高家畜抗冷应激能力是减灾救灾的重要举措之一。申请人的前期研究发现：在西藏东南部的邦达草原及周边地区，每当遇到冬春季冷害或雪灾时，藏族牧民普遍使用生长在牧场周边，且在秋季收获的藏药材山莨菪（Anisodus tanguticus）枯枝饲喂牛羊，认为山莨菪能有效帮助牲畜御寒，当地还保存有从山莨菪采收、加工、储存、用法、用量等完整的知识体系。本项目拟运用民族植物学研究方法，进一步调查和系统记录山莨菪的传统利用知识，为科学验证该传统知识收集基础数据；通过植物化学和药理学研究方法，定量分析山莨菪提高家畜抗冷应激能力的物质基础，阐明牧民传统用法中所蕴含的科学合理性。本项目首次记录并系统研究山莨菪作为抗冷应激饲料植物资源的传统知识，发掘该药用植物的新用途，可为抗冷应激饲料研发提供一定的科学依据。

中文关键词： 民族植物学；；藏药；民族习俗；饲料植物；定量评估

英文摘要： In the pastoral areas of northern China and the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau, extreme climate events such as cold events and snow disasters often lead to substantial losses of livestock, which affect pastoral economy considerably. Improving cold resistant capacity of livestock is one of the key measures to reduce livestock losses. Our previously study found that a well-known Tibetan herb, Anisodus tanguticus, is collected in Autumn and used by pastoralists in southeast Tibet for enhancing cold resistant capacity of livestock during winter cold events and snow disasters. Local communities have developed a rich repository of knowledge about A. Tanguticus, including its harvesting, processing, storage, usage and dosage etc. We aim to document and verify this traditional knowledge through ethnobotanical survey, phytochemical and pharmacological analysis. The chemical effects behind the use of A. Tanguticus as anti-cold stress fodder will be explored, including its active compounds and possible pharmaceutical mechanism. We expect to provide the scientific information that will unveil the newly discovered traditional use of A. Tanguticus as an anti-cold stress fodder plant.

英文关键词： Ethnobotany; Tibetan ethnomedicine;ethnical practice;fodder plant;quantitative assessment