南海深部微生物参与有机质、甲烷转化的作用、过程和机制的研究

项目名称： 南海深部微生物参与有机质、甲烷转化的作用、过程和机制的研究

项目编号： No.91228201

项目类型： 重大研究计划

立项/批准年度： 2013

项目学科： 天文学、地球科学

项目作者： 王风平

作者单位： 上海交通大学

项目金额： 300万元

中文摘要： 海洋沉积物中微生物的数量据估算可能占据了全球生物总量的1/10~1/3，储存了约56-303pg的碳，相当于地球上所有植物的碳总量。然而，目前对这些数量巨大的海底微生物的地球化学功能和作用绝大部分尚处于未知的状态。前期南海沉积物微生物种类调查显示绝大部分微生物尚未培养，生理和功能未知。本研究计划系统调查比较南海浅水和深水；相对贫营养和富营养区；油气区与普通海区沉积物柱中的微生物数量和组成与沉积物中有机质种类和数量，地球化学元素，物理因子等的相互关系。在现场调查基础上以有机质的微生物转化；甲烷的合成、分解为核心点，进一步结合同位素标记化合物喂养和实验室海底环境模拟，重点阐述南海深部微生物参与有机物的转化，甲烷生成与分解等代谢反应的规模、过程和机制。我们的研究将是认识和回答南海深部微生物在碳循环，油气藏深海能源的形成中的作用和影响；南海深部与与上层生态系统的关系等重要科学问题的重要组成部分。

中文关键词： 南海沉积物；碳循环；微生物；甲烷；深部生物圈

英文摘要： The subseafloor sedimentary biomass has been estimated to comprise around one tenth to one third of all biomass, a huge carbon reservoir of between 56 and 303 pg of carbon, equivalent to that of all plant life on Earth. However, the biogeochemical roles of these huge number of microorganisms in the subsurface remains largely unknown. Previous microbial diversity analysis of the South China Sea sediments have revealed that majority of the microbes in the sediments are uncultivated, their physiology and ecological roles are unknown. This project will investigate and reveal the relationships of the quantity, components of microorganisms and organic matters, the geochemical elements and phsical factors in contrasting sedimentary environments as shallow water vs deep water; oligotrophic vs organicotrophic; oil gas area vs normal area. Based on the in-situ investigations, focusing on the organic matter transformation and methane cycling, combining the feeding of isotope labelled compounds and simulation of deep-sea environments in the laboratory, we will try to illuminate the scale, process and mechanisms of microorganisms in the organis matter transformation, methane production and oxidation in the deep SCS. Our study will be a very important componant in our understanding and answering the key scientific questions s

英文关键词： deep biosphere；biogeochemical；organic matter；methane；south China Sea