搭便车行为、心理与控制：来自经济学实验的证据

项目名称： 搭便车行为、心理与控制：来自经济学实验的证据

项目编号： No.71203046

项目类型： 青年科学基金项目

立项/批准年度： 2013

项目学科： 宏观管理与政策

项目作者： 周燕

作者单位： 哈尔滨工业大学

项目金额： 23万元

中文摘要： 针对搭便车行为发生的充要条件缺乏实验证据，新古典模型因素和社会偏好因素影响搭便车行为的结论存在争议，搭便车心理成因及其作用机理尚不明确等问题，本项目采用经济学实验方法，重新审视搭便车行为的产生、变化和防控规律。采用Z-tree工具设计标准实验，作为后续实验的基准；构建模型测量搭便车行为严重程度；构建"自然-偏态"分析体系，实现外在变量到行为变量的转化；设置对照实验，证明搭便车心理存在性，验证搭便车心理缘起是先天论或是后天论；针对现存争议设置判决实验，获得真相；通过因子回归研究影响搭便车行为的外在因子和心理因子，找到外在因子作用于心理因子进而影响搭便车行为的路径和结构，解释搭便车行为的心理成因和及其作用关系。设置对照实验，分析惩罚、奖励、补偿、信息公开、讨论、竞争等机制对搭便车行为的控制效果，并以控制成本、集体收益和控制速度为优化目标，研究搭便车最优控制模型。

中文关键词： 搭便车行为；实验经济学；社会网络；奖励制度；惩罚效力

英文摘要： To solve the problem that we still lack experimental evidences to support the necessary and sufficient condition in which free riding behavior would take place, the problem that disputes still exist when we try to conclude the effects of both factors in neo-classical model and factors of social preference on free riding, and the problem that free riding's psychological causes of and their action mechanism are unclear, We will conduct economics experiments by Z-tree tool to analyze why free riding behavior happens, when it changes, and how to control it. We will build standard experiment that is benchmark of following experiments, create mathematical function to measure the severity of free riding, and built "natural-skewed" system to convert external variables into behavior variables. We will design controlled experiments to substantiate the presence of free riding psychology, and find out which theory can explain the origin of free riding psychology: the theory of "black slate" or the theory of "genetic determinism". For current controversies, we will conduct judgment experiments to get the truth. External factors and psychological factors that affect the free riding behavior will be gained through the method of factor regression analysis; then we will find the path and structure pattern where external factor c

英文关键词： free-riding behavior；experimental economics；social network；reward system；punishment effectiveness