水沙锐减条件下游荡型河道迁移率及调整机理研究

项目名称： 水沙锐减条件下游荡型河道迁移率及调整机理研究

项目编号： No.51509101

项目类型： 青年科学基金项目

立项/批准年度： 2016

项目学科： 水利工程

项目作者： 张敏

作者单位： 黄河水利委员会黄河水利科学研究院

项目金额： 20万元

中文摘要： 游荡型河道迁移摆动是极其敏感和复杂的，即当水沙条件乃至边界条件发生改变时，可能使得河道平面形态发生一些趋势性的变化。尤其是小浪底水库运用以来，黄河下游游荡型河段演变机理认识仍不清晰，河湾迁移的定量研究仍较少，也没有合适的经验模型进行预测。因此，本项目拟以基于GIS的TCTM技术为基础，精确提取黄河下游游荡型河道主流线迁移摆动参数，分析不同时期黄河下游游荡型河段河道迁移特征值，重点研究小浪底水库运用以来河道迁移规律。同时，以冲积性河流平衡理论为基础，深入揭示多沙河流河道迁移模式及调整机理，进而建立黄河下游游荡型河段河道迁移率模型，并进行检验。河道迁移率是研究河流地貌的基础，特别是河漫滩研究的基础。因此，本项目研究成果可丰富多沙河流河道迁移理论，并为黄河下游河道治理提供技术支撑，具有重要的学术意义和实用价值。

中文关键词： 迁移率；游荡型河道；平面形态；多沙河流；河势

英文摘要： The migration of wandering river is extremely sensitive and complicated. The river planform will change significantly due to altered incoming water-sediment conditions and boundaries. The mechanism of channel morphology adjustment is still not clear, particularly in wandering reach in Lower Yellow River. Quantitative research about the migration rates is relatively scarce, and there is no suitable model to make a prediction. So, based on the Topologically Constrained Transect Method (TCTM) within the GIS developed in 2003, the parameters of channel migration was messured. Firstly the river planform features in different period were analyzed, particularly about the migration rates after the operation of Xiaolangdi Resovior. And then the migration pattern and mechanism in sediment-laden river will be discovered. Furthermore, the project will develop an empirical model for predicting bend migration rates in wandering river in Lower Yellow River. The resulting equations will be test to predict maximum migration distance. Knowledge of migration rates is fundamental to the understanding of river landscape, especially in the development of floodplains. So, the output of the research results not only enrich the migration theory in sediment-laden stream, but also provide technical support for regulation of Lower Yellow River. The research has important academic meaning and practical value.

英文关键词： migration rates;wandering river;river palnform;sediment-laden stream;river regime