水文过程影响下的农业非点源污染物输移机理研究

项目名称： 水文过程影响下的农业非点源污染物输移机理研究

项目编号： No.51209071

项目类型： 青年科学基金项目

立项/批准年度： 2013

项目学科： 水利科学与海洋工程学科

项目作者： 陈星

作者单位： 河海大学

项目金额： 25万元

中文摘要： 农业非点源污染是水环境恶化的重要原因之一，受到国内外学者的广泛关注。研究成果表明，流域农业非点源污染的发生与输移存在关键源区，大部分氮和磷是由这些区域流失的。关键源区的分布具有很强的地域特征，流域实验是观测并理解这一动力学机制的基础。本研究将以原型实验为基础，通过对降雨事件中水文数据以及农业非点源污染数据的采集与分析，探讨流域内超蓄与超渗两种产流机制的触发条件与作用机理，深入分析产流模式对农业非点源污染物输出时空分布特性的影响；测试经验水文模型与过程水文模型对径流与水文响应活跃区的模拟结果；在规律分析基础上，定量化氮磷土壤流失，与水文模型耦合后计算氮磷输出，并根据流域与小区观测结果验证耦合模型正确性，阐述农业非点源污染物输出关键源区分布特性。研究成果将丰富我国农业非点源污染的基础实验研究，为控制太湖流域农业非点源污染提供理论依据。

中文关键词： 水文模型；产流机理；农业非点源污染；氮磷运移模型；氮磷输出关键区域

英文摘要： Agricultural diffused pollution is one of main threats to the deteriorated water enviornment in China which has attracted worldwide concern. It is indicated that there are critical source areas (CSAs) in the watershed and most of nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) loss from these areas. Field experiment is the basis for understanding the mechenism of CSAs distribution. The study is based on field experiment by collecting and analyzing hydrologic data as well as agricultural diffused pollution output concentrations. The trigger conditions and distributions of two types of runoff generation mechenisms which is infiltration excess flow and satuation excess flow will be explored. The impact of different flow generation modes on the transport of diffused pollution will be investigated. Several classic empirical models and process models will be validated for runoff and hydrologic active areas (HAAs) simulations. The empirical model will be constructed for N and P loss and then coupled with hydrologic model to calculate nutrient output. The observations in both field and watershed scale will be applied to verify the coupled model. The on-site observations and numerical modelling results will be integrated to summarize spatial and tempral distribution characteristics of CSAs. The research will provide scientific basis for

英文关键词： Hydrologic model；Runoff generation；Agricultural diffused pollution；N and P forecasting model；Critical source areas of diffused pollution