金纳米颗粒不对称功能化及其在免疫诊断中的应用研究

项目名称： 金纳米颗粒不对称功能化及其在免疫诊断中的应用研究

项目编号： No.21475066

项目类型： 面上项目

立项/批准年度： 2015

项目学科： 数理科学和化学

项目作者： 刘定斌

作者单位： 南开大学

项目金额： 80万元

中文摘要： 免疫诊断是临床体外诊断的重要组成部分，因其高通量、不依赖复杂精密仪器等优点而备受青睐。然而，目前临床上常用免疫诊断方法的检测灵敏度和特异性往往不够高，难以实现对肿瘤及HIV等重大疾病的早期诊断和病情适时监测。本项目拟发展一种均相免疫诊断系统。该诊断系统基于不对称功能化金纳米颗粒，即在金纳米颗粒的两侧分别修饰检测抗体和催化产生检测信号的酶。利用非铜催化点击反应，选择性地在金纳米颗粒一侧修饰多层酶，大大提高了载酶量，同时不影响另一侧检测抗体的免疫识别功能。通过酶催化的金纳米颗粒生长反应，实现对靶标物质的高灵敏度、可视化定量检测。最后，通过对大量临床样品进行分析，并与临床标准诊断方法进行对比，评估本诊断系统的准确性及其在临床应用方面的可行性。

中文关键词： 免疫分析；肿瘤标志物；纳米材料；传感器；信号放大

英文摘要： Immunodiagnosis, one of the important parts in in vitro diagnosis, has received considerable attention owing to its well-known advantages such as high-throughput detection and no requirement of sophisticated instruments. However, both the detection sensitivity and specificity of the commonly-used clinical immunoassays are unable to fulfill the requirements for early diagnosis and monitoring of fatal diseases such as cancer and HIV. We herein would like to develop an enhanced homogenous immunoassay. This assay depends on the asymmetrically functionalized gold nanoparticles that were separately modified with detection antibodies and enzymes (used for signal generation) on the two sides of nanoparticles. Multiple layers of enzymes will be prepared on one side of the nanoparticles by means of copper-free click chemistry, thus avoiding the steric hindrance of the immunoreaction of detection antibodies anchored on the other side. Detection targets could be sensitively and quantitatively measured in a colorimetric way through the enzyme-catalyzed growth of gold nanoparticles. Finally, the efficacy and feasibility of the immunoassay in clinical use will be evaluated by utilizing a great number of clinical samples, the results of which will be compared with the standard methods that are being used in the clinic.

英文关键词： immunoanalysis;cancer biomarkers;nanomaterials;sensors;signal amplification