我国北方地区晚更新世马化石古DNA分子的演化研究

项目名称： 我国北方地区晚更新世马化石古DNA分子的演化研究

项目编号： No.41472014

项目类型： 面上项目

立项/批准年度： 2015

项目学科： 天文学、地球科学

项目作者： 袁俊霞

作者单位： 中国地质大学（武汉）

项目金额： 105万元

中文摘要： 本研究的对象是我国北方地区晚更新世马化石材料的DNA分子，采用分子生物学的技术和方法，提取和扩增我国北方地区晚更新世马的完整线粒体基因组古DNA序列。通过对不同地点、不同年代多个样本线粒体基因的比较，分析该地区古马在地质历史时期的基因分异度及可能存在的地理谱系，并结合北方地区以末次冰期为主的古气候、古环境资料，探讨晚更新世以来环境及气候变化引起马类遗传多样性的演变规律；调用GenBank数据库中古代及现代马的同源序列，构建分子系统发育树，揭示我国晚更新世时期古马较为清晰的系统发育地位；进行分子系统发育网络分析，探讨晚更新世古马将出现在现代马七个支系的哪一个支系中，期望解决我国家马演化历程中古老起源问题。通过本研究项目的开展，无疑将从分子水平上为揭示我国马的演化历程提供一些新的证据。

中文关键词： 古环境；古气候；生物地层学；协同演化

英文摘要： This study is mainly concerned with ancient DNA from the late Pleistocene horse fossils excavated from northern China. We'll use the methods and techniques of molecular biology to extract and amplify the complete mitochondrial genome of the late Pleistocene horses collected from northern China. In comparing with mitochondrial genes of ancient horses from different locations and ages, we'll analyze the degree of genetic differentiation and the possible geographic lineages of these samples during the geological history. Combined with the last glacial paleoclimate and paleoenvironmental data of northern China, we try to explore equine evolution of genetic diversity caused by the environment and climate change since the late Pleistocene. To investigate the precise phylogenetic status of late Pleistocene horses collected from northern China, we'll analyze mitochondrial genes obtained in this study together with the ancient and modern horse sequences from GenBank. At the same time, we'll construct the phylogenetic networks to explore the late Pleistocene horses will fall into which haplogroup of all the seven haplogroups observed in modern horses. Based on this research, we try to solve the ancient origin of Chinese domestic horses. We believe that we'll provide some new evidence to reveal the evolution history of the Chinese horses at the molecular level.

英文关键词： paleoenvironment;paleoclimate;biostratigraphy;coevolution