典型区域稻田温室气体（CH4和N2O）减排对策及机理研究

项目名称： 典型区域稻田温室气体（CH4和N2O）减排对策及机理研究

项目编号： No.41271259

项目类型： 面上项目

立项/批准年度： 2013

项目学科： 天文学、地球科学

项目作者： 徐华

作者单位： 中国科学院南京土壤研究所

项目金额： 75万元

中文摘要： 四川、江西等省份存在大量冬季淹水或水分含量较高的稻田，其CH4排放量居于全国前列。加强这些典型区域冬季农田管理或采用以覆膜栽培为核心，结合控释肥和硝化抑制剂施用的栽培管理方式，应能大幅减少稻田温室气体排放。稳定性碳同位素方法是研究与稻田CH4排放密切相关的CH4产生和氧化等土壤微观过程的最佳手段。本项目将选择稻田CH4减排研究方面具有重要地位的两类典型稻田，四川常年淹水稻田和江西冬闲双季稻田，通过田间和培养试验，充分应用国际先进的稳定性碳同位素方法，研究冬季农田管理和水稻栽培方式等对稻田CH4和N2O排放的影响及其机理，提出综合温室效应最小、切实可行且易于大面积推广的减排措施。本项目研究结果将为稻田CH4和N2O减控措施及机理研究提供丰富信息，为我国实现减排承诺作出重要贡献。

中文关键词： 温室气体排放；排放机理；减排措施；净生态系统经济预算；稳定性碳同位素技术

英文摘要： The paddy fields under perennial flooding are the type of paddy fields highest in potential for reduction of CH4 emissions. The most effective way is undoubtedly to let this type of paddy fields drained up during the non-rice growing season. However, this mitigation option seems impractical due to water shortage in these regions. Plastic film mulching cultivation is a promising alternative technology for the traditional flooded cultivation system of rice. Water-saving management is adopted for plastic film cultivation of rice. Then, with flooded cultivation being replaced by plastic film mulching cultivation, it becomes practical to drain up rice fields perennially flooded during the non-rice growing season. While suppressing CH4 emission from rice fields, water-saving irrigation usually promotes N2O emission. The by-effect can be reduced by application of nitrification inhibitor. Unlike traditional cultivation with both basal fertilization and topdressing, fertilizer is only applied before rice transplanting for plastic film mulching cultivation. The controlled-release fertilizer may be more suitable for plastic film mulching cultivation. This experiment will be conducted in Ziyang, Sichuan province. Double-crop rice field quite high in soil moisture content during the fallow season is another type of rice fiel

英文关键词： Greenhouse gas emission；emission mechanism；mitigation options；net ecosystem economic budget；stable carbon isotope techniques