模拟失重对视觉背侧通路认知功能的影响及神经机制研究

项目名称： 模拟失重对视觉背侧通路认知功能的影响及神经机制研究

项目编号： No.81071616

项目类型： 面上项目

立项/批准年度： 2011

项目学科： 金属学与金属工艺

项目作者： 刘旭峰

作者单位： 中国人民解放军第四军医大学

项目金额： 10万元

中文摘要： 失重飞行期间血液和体液头向分布的失重生理效应影响大脑功能状态，导致航天员认知功能、尤其是视觉认知功能发生变化，造成航天员工作能力的下降。视觉认知信息加工的背侧通路与航天活动所必需的注意、运动知觉、空间定向、表征转换等认知功能关系密切，但目前缺乏系统研究。本项目拟采用头低位卧床模型与鼠尾悬吊模型模拟失重生理效应，运用行为学、细胞组织形态学、电生理学及功能影像学等技术，动态比较人短期模拟失重、大鼠短中长期模拟失重前、中、后视觉运动知觉、选择性注意及空间表征转换等认知功能以及视觉背侧通路M细胞形态与功能的变化，探讨失重生理效应对视觉背侧通路认知功能影响的时效性与可塑性特征、脑电生理变化规律及主要功能区域的神经机制，探讨失重环境脑认知功能自适应机理，为航天员选拔与训练以及航天任务计划的制定提供理论与实践依据。

中文关键词： 模拟失重；视觉背侧通路；认知功能；神经机制

英文摘要： The physiological effects of the distribution to the head of blood and body fluids during the flight under weightless condition affect the brain function, which will change astronauts’cognitive function, especially the visual cognitive function and decrease the performance of astronauts. The cognitive function of visual dorsal pathway has a very closed relationship with some required cognitions of space activities, such as attention, motion perception, spatial orientation and representation transformation. But no systematic study has been conducted. The project intends to use head-down bed rest model and tail suspension combined restricted model to simulate physiological effects of weightlessness, and using behavior, cell morphology and electrophysiology techniques to compare the changes of visual dorsal cognitive functions(motion perception, selective attention, spatial representation transformation) before and after human short-term simulated weightlessness state and changes in morphology and function of M cells in visual dorsal pathway before and after short, medium term simulated weightlessness state in rats. The results are useful to indicate the effect of weightless on cognitive function of visual dorsal pathway and its mechanism and to explore adaptive mechanism of brain cognitive function under weightless environment. The conclusion can provide theoretical and practical basis for the selection and training of astronauts and the mission plan making.

英文关键词： simulated weightlessness;visual dorsal pathway;cognitive function;neural mechanism