废水处理用类荷叶表面微纳米结构超疏水微孔膜的制备及膜蒸馏机理研究

项目名称： 废水处理用类荷叶表面微纳米结构超疏水微孔膜的制备及膜蒸馏机理研究

项目编号： No.51278336

项目类型： 面上项目

立项/批准年度： 2013

项目学科： 建筑科学

项目作者： 武春瑞

作者单位： 天津工业大学

项目金额： 80万元

中文摘要： 膜蒸馏可实现废水中易挥发组分提取和废水高度浓缩，是实现废水资源化、节水减排的重要技术。但膜蒸馏用疏水膜仍存在的疏水性不足、通量低、易污染和亲水化等问题，迫切需要结合膜蒸馏特性开发高性能超疏水膜。 本申请利用荷叶等天然生物表面具有超疏水性的微结构原理，通过聚合物稀溶液涂覆-相转化法，在疏水性聚偏氟乙烯微孔基膜表面构建具有类荷叶微结构（规则分布微、纳米结构微突）的超疏水复合膜。研究涂覆液组成、相转化制膜方法对复合膜表面微结构的影响规律，探索膜面微突的形成原理与成长规律，建立涂覆液组成及制膜工艺参数与复合膜表面微结构、膜性能（疏水性、膜蒸馏性能等）的关联关系，确立类荷叶微结构超疏水复合膜的制备及微结构控制方法、原则，研制出高性能的膜蒸馏用超疏水膜。在此基础上，研究膜面微结构对膜蒸馏传热传质过程的影响规律、原理，尝试将超疏水膜结构因数引入膜蒸馏传质传热模型，构建包含膜面微结构因数的膜蒸馏机理。

中文关键词： 膜蒸馏；疏水膜；超疏水；相分离；传热传质

英文摘要： Membrane distillation (MD) is an important solution for the treatment and reuse of wastewater with higher concentration. In MD process, volatile components are extracted through the micropores of hydrophobic membranes and the solution can be concentrated to near saturation under the driving force of evporation pressure difference betweent the two sides of the membrane. High performance hydrophobic membrane is urgently needed to overcome the obstacles of existed hydrophobic membranes. The obstacles including low hydrophobicity, low flux, fouling and wetting. This application stands on the basis that some natural and synthetical surfaces which have lotus-leaf like nano-micro two scale structures possess good hydrophobicity and self-cleaning property. Super-hydrophobic surfaces with lotus-leaf like micro-structure will be constructed on the surface of traditional hydrophobic polyvinylidene fluoride membranes. Membrane preparation and micro-structure control method will be constructed on the basis of dry-wet phase inversion process. The effect of casting solution composition and phase inversion parameters on the micro-structure of the membranes will be studied. The forming and developing mechanism of the micro-protuberance of the super-hydrophobic surfaces will be detected. The quantitative connection between the m

英文关键词： membrane distillation；hydrophobic membrane；super-hydrophobicity；phase inversion；heat and mass transfer