近岸海洋大气中黑碳气溶胶的混合态及其对光吸收特性的影响研究

项目名称： 近岸海洋大气中黑碳气溶胶的混合态及其对光吸收特性的影响研究

项目编号： No.41305133

项目类型： 青年科学基金项目

立项/批准年度： 2014

项目学科： 天文学、地球科学

项目作者： 赵淑惠

作者单位： 国家海洋局第三海洋研究所

项目金额： 25万元

中文摘要： 近年来，近岸海洋大气复合型污染日益明显直接威胁着人类健康和海洋生态环境，其中灰霾污染尤为显著。黑碳是气溶胶中最主要的光学吸收成分，能造成大气能见度下降、影响大气辐射能量平衡，是形成灰霾的重要污染物；而黑碳气溶胶的光吸收特性与其混合态密切相关。因此，为更好的研究黑碳气溶胶对近海大气环境的影响，本研究拟通过单颗粒气溶胶质谱仪等实时在线分析结合电镜微观形貌等离线分析手段，对典型源排放及近岸海洋大气中黑碳气溶胶的混合态特征进行综合研究，获得黑碳气溶胶的混合态特征及其变化规律；同时通过光声法、热光分析法等获得不同条件下黑碳的光吸收特性（质量吸收系数）；建立混合态与光吸收特性之间的定量关系，探讨混合态对黑碳气溶胶光吸收特性的影响以及近海高湿高盐等环境因素对其影响。本项目的开展将为评估黑碳气溶胶对近岸海域空气质量、海洋生态环境的影响提供关键的支持数据，并为制定合理的减排控制方法提供科学依据。

中文关键词： 海洋大气；气溶胶；黑碳；混合态；质量吸收系数

英文摘要： Recently, human health and marine environment are threatened by the increasing pollutions over the offshore marine atmosphere, especially the haze pollution. Black carbon (BC) is the dominant absorber of solar radiation in the atmospheric aerosols. Due to the light absorption property it can cause low visibility, regional haze, and affect the atmospheric radiative energy balance, making an important influence on the environment and climate on the regional and global scales. The light absorption properties of BC are very sensitive to the manner and degree in which BC mixed with other aerosols, a property referred to as mixing state. Large uncertainties still exist in estimates of the radiative forcing of BC because of the lack of detailed measurements of the mixing state and the associated optical properties. These uncertainties limit our ability to quantify the relative impacts of BC on climate and environment, thus limiting our ability to make effective policy decisions. To reduce the uncertainties and better understand its effects on the offshore marine atmosphere, it is essential to study the mixing state of BC and its effects on the optical properties. To study the mixing state of BC, obtain the aerosol types and their relative contribution ratios which externally or internally mixed with BC, on-line analyse

英文关键词： Marine atmosphere；Aerosol；Black carbon；Mixing state；Mass absorption coefficient