基于底栖生物指数的近岸海域生态环境质量评价方法研究

项目名称： 基于底栖生物指数的近岸海域生态环境质量评价方法研究

项目编号： No.41506125

项目类型： 青年科学基金项目

立项/批准年度： 2016

项目学科： 天文学、地球科学

项目作者： 吴海燕

作者单位： 自然资源部第三海洋研究所

项目金额： 22万元

中文摘要： 由于沿海经济的快速发展以及近岸海域开发利用的升级，近岸海域面临着越来越大的人为环境压力。客观评价近岸海域生态环境质量，分级评估近岸海域受到的人为扰动和污染强度，在对退化的近岸海域生态系统进行有效修复和管理的决策中起着重要的作用。底栖生物是水生生态系统有力的指示物种，基于底栖生物指数的近岸海域生态环境质量评价是目前研究的热点。本项目拟以福建近岸海域为研究对象，根据自然条件差异进划分水体类型，分析不同水体类型底栖生物分布特征、评估国外应用广泛的底栖生物指数在不同水体类型的适用性、构建适合不同水体类型的底栖生物指数，及其参考背景值、评价标准确定方法和评价结果可靠性验证方法，并通过在研究区的应用和验证进行修正。本研究将为我国近岸海域不同水体类型生态环境质量评价指数的选择提供参考，并为我国近岸海域生态环境质量评价方法体系的建立提供技术支撑。

中文关键词： 近岸海域；；海洋生态环境；底栖生物指数；水体类型；评价方法

英文摘要： The fast developments of coastal economy and increasing exploiting stress of coastal areas have greatly increased the pressures imposed on coastal waters. Assessing the ecological quality status of coastal waters offers positive bases for assessing and ranking the severity of anthropogenic disturbance and pollution, and plays an important role in the course of related decision making regarding effective remediation and management of the deteriorated ecosystem. Benthic invertebrates are powerful indicators of aquatic ecosystem. Assessment on ecological quality status of coastal waters based on benthic biotic indices is a hot research field now. In this study, the Fujian coastal waters would be studied. First, the coastal water is divided into many water body types, and the benthos distribution characteristic of each water body type is analyzed; Then, the applicability of the widely used benthic biotic indices abroad for each water body type in this study is assessment; On the base of the former work, third, new benthic biotic indices suited for different water body types are constructed, and the methods for determining the relevant reference conditions, evaluation standard boundary values of each indices, as well as the methods for testing the reliability of the assessment results are also constructed; Last, but not the least, these new indices were applied in study areas and modified. This study would give significant references for the choose of indices for ecological quality status assessment of different coastal water body types, and provide technological support for the construction of coastal water ecological quality status assessment method system in China.

英文关键词： coastal waters;marine ecological environment;benthic biotic index;water body type;assessment method