面包屑消防传感系统中分布式定位问题研究

项目名称： 面包屑消防传感系统中分布式定位问题研究

项目编号： No.61472384

项目类型： 面上项目

立项/批准年度： 2015

项目学科： 自动化技术、计算机技术

项目作者： 刘恒昌

作者单位： 中国科学技术大学苏州研究院

项目金额： 80万元

中文摘要： 消防员在室内救火过程中的自身安全是国内外消防领域的重要课题，而保持建筑物内消防员与建筑物外指挥中心的联系则是确保消防员安全的核心要素。近年来，我们提出了新颖的面包屑消防传感系统来克服火灾现场复杂环境对维持消防员与指挥中心间联系所带来的困难，并受到美国媒体和相关机构的广泛关注。然而此系统解决了消防队员的通信问题，却没有解决消防队员的定位问题，而这是指挥中心对救灾现场内消防队员作出指示的重要前提。已有针对消防员定位的方法与研究往往存在中心式节点失效和定位不精确的弊端，因此研究面向面包屑消防传感系统的分布式定位问题至关重要。本课题将以此为出发点，以提高定位精确性为优化目标，紧紧围绕面包屑消防传感系统分布式定位建模与实现机理这两个科学问题，设计以多消防员协作为核心的分布式定位算法，使其适用于环境复杂的火灾现场，并进行相关性能测试验证，进一步推动面包屑传感系统在将来火灾现场中的应用。

中文关键词： 无线传感器网络；多消防员协作；消防应用；面包屑传感系统；分布式定位

英文摘要： Firefighters' safety, especially during indoor operations, has always drawn serious attentions across the globe. Establishing and maintaining communication connections between the firefighters and the central commander (outdoor) is of key importance. Our recently proposed Breadcrumb Sensor System has been specifically designed with the goal of overcoming the environment obstacles and technical challenges that arise in the establishing and maintaining of the communication channels, the success of which has draw much public attention and press coverage in the United States. Though solving the communication problem, the Breadcrumb Sensor System, however, fails to provide accurate localizations for firefighters during indoor operations, which just so happens to be among the key information needed by the central commander for assessing the situation and issuing commands to the firefighters. Existing localization methods typically suffer from the single-point-of-failure problem as well as high localization errors, which are highly undesirable for firefighting scenarios, and thus could potentially increase the probabilities of unnecessarily putting firefighters into overly dangerous situations. In attacking this challenging problem, this proposal targets on improving localization accuracies, and explores the algorithm designs and system implementations of distributed localization for the breadcrumb sensor system, as to be realized by the cooperation among firefighters. With extensive testings and evaluations under realistic scenarios, the success of this system will further improve its adaptabilities under various environmental settings and advance its applicabilities in firefighting operations.

英文关键词： wireless sensor networks;multi-firefighter coordination;firefighter application;breadcrumb sensor system;distributed localization