基于石墨烯和硅基纳米孔的新型DNA测序方法基础研究

项目名称： 基于石墨烯和硅基纳米孔的新型DNA测序方法基础研究

项目编号： No.61273061

项目类型： 面上项目

立项/批准年度： 2013

项目学科： 自动化技术、计算机技术

项目作者： 刘泽文

作者单位： 清华大学

项目金额： 83万元

中文摘要： DNA测序技术是现代生命科学研究的核心技术。基于纳米孔的单分子测序是最有希望实现千美元人类基因组计划的新一代测序技术。石墨烯具有优异的物理、化学和空间尺度特性,硅基纳米孔具有稳定性好、易于操控等优势,将两者结合有望解决现有纳米孔测序中存在的根本问题，推进这一技术的发展。本项目提出一种基于石墨烯和纳米孔的新型DNA测序方法基础研究。主要思想是利用石墨烯和硅构造一种纳米孔-腔-孔结构（GPCP），当单链DNA分子在静电场驱动下穿过GPCP时，造成纳米孔离子电流阻塞和石墨烯电导改变，该电流和电导的变化幅度将实时反映不同的碱基信息，从而实现双数据解析测序。项目的主要研究内容包括:亚10nm硅基纳米孔实现研究；石墨烯定点精确转移和石墨烯纳米孔的实现研究；石墨烯纳米孔-腔-孔测序芯片的制备和测序系统研究；石墨烯纳米孔-腔-孔测序系统建模与仿真；不同结构参数和流体参数下GPCP新型DNA测序实验研究。

中文关键词： 纳米制造；单晶硅；固态纳米孔；缩孔技术；生物分子测序

英文摘要： DNA sequencing technology is the key technology of the modern life science research. The nanopore-based single-molecule sequencing is considered to be the most promising one among the next generation of sequencing technologies to achieve the $1000 Human Genome Project. Graphen presents excellent physical, chemical and geometric characteristics, Silicon nanopore has advantages in both stability and process controllability, the combination of raphene and nanopore is expected to solve the fundamental problems that hinder the current nanopore-based sequencing. Fudamental study on a novel DNA sequencing technology based on graphene and nanopore is proposed in this project. The proposal is to construct a nanoscale pore-cavity-pore structure with graphene and silicon (GPCP). When a single-stranded DNA molecules are driven to pass through the GPCP by an electrostatic field, the longitudinal ionic current though the nanopores will be blocked and at the same time the transverse conductivity of the graphene will be changed. The variation of the cuurent and transverse conductivity will will be different as the different bases (A, T, C and G) occupied the graphene nanopore, so that the sequence of the moving DNA can be find by analysing of the both data. The main research topics of this project include: Implementation of s

英文关键词： nanoscale fabrication；monocrystalline silicon；solid-state nanopore；pore shrink technology；biomolecule sequencing