褐藻裙带菜单倍体雌雄同体现象的生物学机制及应用

项目名称： 褐藻裙带菜单倍体雌雄同体现象的生物学机制及应用

项目编号： No.41476141

项目类型： 面上项目

立项/批准年度： 2015

项目学科： 天文学、地球科学

项目作者： 逄少军

作者单位： 中国科学院海洋研究所

项目金额： 100万元

中文摘要： 海带目海藻物种是潮间、潮下带主要大型海藻群落组成者，一直受到广泛关注，也被广泛工业化利用。其生活史中单倍体世代一直是全世界海藻学工作者关注重点。在海带目多个海藻物种中，关于单倍体世代中的孤雌生殖、无配生殖以及二倍体世代中孢子体分化形成丝状体多种复杂生活史形式都被报道过。本项目基于前期在裙带菜由游孢子而来的雌雄同体单倍体生活史现象的新发现，有针对性选取海带目代表物种，揭示雌雄同体单倍体在本目海藻中存在的普遍性，阐释这一现象形成的规律和诱因，利用现代分子生物技术，开发与不同单倍体世代相关联的特定序列，依靠转录组技术，挖掘相关发育过程中的功能基因，通过染色体制片技术，确定不同阶段染色体数目，从而了解海带目海藻性别决定机制的生物学本质，丰富我们对生活在海洋环境中植物性别决定机制的认知；在应用领域，将发展一条纯系培养方法，应用于杂交新品种培育，为我国海带目经济海藻栽培产业提供更多、更好的新品种。

中文关键词： 海洋生物学；多样性；分子机制

英文摘要： As one of the major sublittoral seaweed groups, species in Laminariales have drawn much attention from phycologists due to its ecological importance and diverse utiliations in human life. In particular, the haploid stages in the life cycle have been the research focus ever since their discoveries. Parthenogenesis and apogamy in haploid stages, as well as apospory in the diploid stage, have been reported in several species of Laminariales, reflecting the form of life cycles in this order is complex. In this project,based on our recent finding of the zoospore-derived monoecious gametophytes in Undaria pinnatifida, representative species in Laminariales will be selected for further investigating the popularity of this monoecy phenomenon. We will try to reveal the regulation mechanism and impacting factors. Specific DNA sequences linked to the sex of monoecy will be screened by various molecular markers. Related functional genes will be detected by comparing the profiles of transcriptomes between different haploid stages. Number of the chromosomes and karyotype will be studied to determine the ploidy status. This project is expected to shed light on the mechanism of sex determination of species in Laminariales and the plants in marine enviorenment. In addition, a novel breeding method combining culture and crossing of pure lines is expected to be developed to be applied in breeding practice.

英文关键词： Marine biology;diversity;molecular mechanism