双氰胺基离子液体低温电解制备稀土金属镧的基础研究

项目名称： 双氰胺基离子液体低温电解制备稀土金属镧的基础研究

项目编号： No.51464028

项目类型： 地区科学基金项目

立项/批准年度： 2015

项目学科： 矿业工程

项目作者： 张启波

作者单位： 昆明理工大学

项目金额： 50万元

中文摘要： 面临能源短缺和环境恶化的双重压力，开发低能耗、低成本、绿色化的稀土金属制备新方法日渐成为人们研究的重点。本项目针对离子液体性质稳定、导热导电性良好、电化学窗口宽和环境友好等特点，提出采用双氰胺基离子液体为电解质，开展稀土金属镧的低温电解制备。研究LaCl3在双氰胺基离子液体中的溶解配位行为，分析离子液体中La(Ⅲ)的溶剂化结构与最稳定配位构型；建立金属配合物在阴极/离子液体界面上的电化学反应动力学模型，开展反应动力学研究，探讨其电荷转移机制，揭示离子液体中La(Ⅲ)配合物的电化学还原机理；分析电解参数对电流效率、电耗及阴极产物的影响规律，探索电沉积条件与金属镧产物间的关联性规律，确定离子液体中金属镧的形核与生长规律及调控机制，提出相应的技术原型。研究工作为发展金属镧的节能减排和绿色生产新技术提供科学依据和技术支撑。

中文关键词： 电沉积；离子液体；熔盐电解；电解液

英文摘要： The present critical situation of energy shortage and increasing aggravation of greenhouse effect requires the preparation of rare-earth metals with lower energy consumption, lower cost and environmental- friendly, however, to produce metal lanthanum, the current high-temperature molten salt electrolysis process suffers from high energy consumption, low efficiency, enormous quantities of exhaust emissions as well as severe corrosion of the equipment issues. This project focuses on investigation of the low-temperature electrolytic preparation of rare-earth metal lanthanum from dicyanamide anion-based ionic liquids (ILs) based on the high chemical and thermal stability, good thermal and ionic conductivity, wide electrochemical windows and environmental- friendly characteristics of ILs. The dissolve coordinated behavior of lanthanum chloride in ILs, solvated structure as well as the most stable configuration of La(Ⅲ) ions in ILs will be studied. And an electrochemical kinetic model on the cathode/ILs interface where the reaction of the metallic complexes happened will be established to demonstrate the electrode reaction kinetics, explore the charge transfer mechanism, and then reveal the electrochemical reduction mechanism of La(Ⅲ) complexes in ILs. Furthermore, the effect of electrolytic parameters on the current efficiency, power consumption and cathodic products, and the interrelation between the electrodeposition conditions and the electrodeposited lanthanum products will be used to identify the nucleation and growth regulatory mechanism of metal lanthanum in ILs. Finally, the corresponding technology prototype will be proposed. The findings by this project research will provide both scientific foundation and technical support for the electrochemical processes of metal lanthanum preparation in an energy conservation and environmental-friendly manner.

英文关键词： electrodeposition;ionic liquids;molten salt electrolysis;electrolyte