传热过程中的最小作用量原理研究

项目名称： 传热过程中的最小作用量原理研究

项目编号： No.51206079

项目类型： 青年科学基金项目

立项/批准年度： 2013

项目学科： 工程热物理与能源利用学科

项目作者： 吴晶

作者单位： 华中科技大学

项目金额： 25万元

中文摘要： 本项目首先将热量传递过程目的分为两大类：热功转换和加热物体，指出不同目的传热过程不可逆性的量度需要区分，其中熵产用于量度以热功转换为目的的传热过程不可逆性，而火积耗散用于量度以加热物体为目的的传热过程不可逆性。类似于其它学科，在传热过程引入最小作用量概念，但又有所不同，提出对于同一个传热过程按照其目的不同，可建立两个最小作用量- - 熵产热阻和火积耗散热阻，并从能量和能量耗散角度阐明它们的宏观物理意义。建立用于传热过程优化的最小作用量原理：熵产热阻最小原理和火积耗散热阻最小原理，前者适用于以热功转换为目的的传热过程优化，后者则适用于以加热物体为目的的传热过程优化，并采用两个原理分别对热力循环中的换热器和多平行平板辐射换热过程进行优化设计。最后，进行多平行平板辐射换热过程实验以验证理论和数值结果。本研究可以丰富火积分析和熵分析理论，建立不同目的传热过程优化的理论与方法，为提高能源利用率提供指导。

中文关键词： 传热优化；火积；热阻；熵；热功转换

英文摘要： In our work, heat transfer processes are classified into two categories according to the purposes of heat-to-work conversion and object heating. We point out that the irreversibility of heat transfer processes with these two different purposes should be measured by entropy generation and entransy dissipation separately. The concept of least action, which has been proposed in other branches of physics, is introduced to heat transfer processes. But what is different is that there exist two least actions, entropy generation thermal resistance and entransy dissipation thermal resistance, in one heat transfer process according to the two different purposes of heat transfer. The macroscopic physical meanings of the two least actions are discussed by the viewpoints of energy and energy dissipation. The principles of least action for heat transfer processes optimization are proposed: the principle of minimum entropy generation thermal resistance and the principle of minimum entransy dissipation thermal resistance. It is indicated that the former is valid for optimizing heat transfer processes with purpose of heat-to-work conversion. In contrast, the latter is more suitable to optimize heat transfer processes for object heating. Moreover, these two principles are applied to optimize the heat exchangers in thermodynamic c

英文关键词： heat transfer optimization；entransy；thermal resistance；entropy；heat-work conversion