铝诱导的烟草活性氧代谢及一氧化氮调控机制研究

项目名称： 铝诱导的烟草活性氧代谢及一氧化氮调控机制研究

项目编号： No.31260498

项目类型： 地区科学基金项目

立项/批准年度： 2013

项目学科： 农业科学

项目作者： 刘强

作者单位： 井冈山大学

项目金额： 50万元

中文摘要： 铝毒是酸性土壤上限制作物生长的主要因素。铝诱导的细胞活性氧代谢是该领域的研究热点之一，但对于铝是如何引起细胞内活性氧产生、清除及其调控机制的研究较少且无系统性。本项目拟以2个耐铝性差异显著的烟草品种为材料，从细胞器水平和能量代谢角度入手，研究铝胁迫下烟草光合作用（光能分配、非环式电子传递、碳同化）、呼吸作用（细胞色素呼吸、细胞色素氧化酶活性、膜复合体I和III活性）、叶绿体和线粒体内能量耗散途径（天线色素热耗散、水-水循环、光呼吸、环式电子传递；交替呼吸、交替氧化酶活性）、活性氧代谢等方面的变化，阐明烟草叶绿体和线粒体内能量代谢过程中活性氧的产生、清除机制与植物铝毒害/耐铝性的关系。同时研究一氧化氮对烟草叶绿体和线粒体内活性氧产生和清除的调控机制在增强植物耐铝性中的作用。通过上述研究，可望进一步丰富植物铝毒害及耐性机理，也可为利用一氧化氮等外源调控措施增强植物耐铝性提供理论依据和实践基础。

中文关键词： 铝胁迫；烟草；活性氧；能量代谢；一氧化氮

英文摘要： Aluminum (Al) toxicity is a major factor limiting crop productivity on acid soils. Al-induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) metabolism has received great attention in the field of Al toxicity and resistance mechanisms. However, information about the mechanism of ROS generation and elimination caused by Al, and its regulation is scanty and unsystematic. In this item, two tobacoo cultivars differing in Al resistance were used to investigate the photosynthesis (including light energy allocation, noncyclic electron transport and carbon assimilation), respiration (including cytochrome respiration, activities of cytochrome oxidase and membrane complexes I and III), energy dissipation pathways and ROS metabolism in chloroplast and mitochondria, in order to elucidate the relationship between the mechanism of ROS generation/elimination from energy metabolism in chloroplast and mitochondria and Al toxicity/resistance in plants. And we paid great attention to energy dissipation pathways including heat dissipation from antenna in PSII, water-water cycle, photorespiration and cyclic flow of electron in chloroplast, and alternate respiration and alternative oxidase activity in mitochondria. At the same time, the regulatory mechanism of nitric oxide application on ROS generation/elimination in chloroplast and mitochondria was

英文关键词： aluminum stress；tobacco；reactive oxygen species；energy metabolism；nitric oxide